The American Revolution Of America - 1418 Words

Introduction The American Revolution was when we break away from the British government and formed our own country. Our country had fought with the strongest nation on the whole until earth back in the 1700s. The Patriots fought and work hard for their freedom and the United states of America. In this book, you will be learning about taxes, important people, battles and women and more in the American Revolution war. Chapter 1 Lives in the thirteen colonies In 1700s, our country was not called the United State of America. It was divided into thirteen colonies. The British control the colonies. People from Europe traveled to America to start a new life. Some of them came for freedom to worship who they wanted . Some of them came for land†¦show more content†¦Some of them were made of woods. Others were mansions. The house had no bathroom and water. Most of the water came from wells and streams. The colonist used pots for toilets. The colonist eat vegetables grew their gardens, they hunted wild animals such as deer, and they had pudding made of cornmeal. There were loyalist and Loyalists and Patriots in the American Revolution war. Loyalists were people who remains loyal to England and the king. There were about 300,000 to 400,000 people of loyalist. That did not include black slave and Indians. The loyalists were enemy of the Patriots. They think it is reasonable for the British government to tax its people. They obey the king s law and the British parliament’s law. Some even fought with the Patriots through the war. The loyalists had made some problems for patriots. The Patriots have to fight with the British army and the loyalists. The Patriots were the people wanted to break away from the British. They wanted freedom and their own country. They fought with the British army for their freedom. Patriots had done things like the Boston Tea Party or battle with the British in the war. Some women think that way too. They think it is important to fight for their freedom. Chapter 2 King George III taxed the colonist After the British won the French and the indian war, the British were almost bankrupt. The war was really costly. Thousands and thousands pounds of money were spent in the war.Show MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : America2934 Words   |  12 PagesHistory Final The American Revolution helped America become the free nation it is today. All the events after and before the revolution helped America become free. America became a freer nation after the American Revolution because they weren’t in fear of an outside nation controlling them. Before the American Revolution no one knew what was even here, and the citizens that formed and shaped the nation they loved didn’t want to give away their freedom. â€Å"For many Americans, the period generatedRead MoreThe American Revolution : The King Of America Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"But where, says some, is the King of America? I ll tell you, Friend† In striving for a deeper understanding of what led to the American Revolution, we first have to ask what persuaded those residing in America to adopt the patriot ideals that ultimately led to the separation from the King of Britain and form an independent society on â€Å"British lands.† These patriot ideals are exhibited within Common Sense, a political piece favored by the media. Within this document Paine expresses the patriotsRead MoreThe American Revolution Of 1775 And The Separation Of America1263 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the American Revolution of 1775 to 1783 and the separation of America and Britain, America had the power to create their own form of government. This was democracy, where the citizens’ decisions affected how the country was ran and what principles were put into place. Documents such as the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution were created to inform the public of what guidelines and regulations the new nation needed in order to prospe r. In this representative government, people’s rightsRead MoreImpact Of The American Revolution On The United States Of America1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States revolution is one of the most important revolutions to occur in history because it can be seen as the most significant revolution to transpire in modern time. This can be shown through the role that the revolution had in creating the country that we know today. Why was it that the American Revolution occurs, was it for independence or was it based on something else? In the American Revolution there were many leaders who aided in creating the United States, who were they and whatRead MoreImpact Of The American Industrial Revolution On Modern America1273 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of the American Industrial Revolution on the of Modern America Introduction The Industrial Revolution started around 1750. It began in Britain and it spread throughout the World. Although full industrial development would only occur after 1815, the industrial revolution began in the United States during the 1790s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution was marked by three key developments specialization, mechanization, and distribution. Specialization meant the breaking down of the meansRead MoreAmerican Revolution : The Great United States Of America1565 Words   |  7 PagesBefore there was a country known as the great United States of America , all there was was grass, desserts and light that helped to guide George Washington into the independence of the continent .Walking into his most successful decision ever, especially coming from the bottom , building all his way to the top. Yet before all that occurred there were other events that circulated George Washington s leading. During the 1760 s a lot of events occurred that changed and developed the world . It wasnRead MoreAmerican Revolution Gave Birth to Democracy in America Essay983 Words   |  4 Pagescame to this land to escape oppression from British rule. It wasn’t until they were being overtaxed by the British that they rose up to fight for independence and freedom. This historic event was known as The American Revolution. The American Revoluti on gave birth to democracy in America through great historical events, unknown facts, and famous penned agreements. Resistance to the British and their control over the colonies began with a small group of men called The Sons of Liberty. Over timeRead MoreThe American Revolution Set up Equality and Power for America621 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Hitchens claims that â€Å"†¦ the American Revolution is the only revolution that still resonates†and this claim is valid because the American Revolution led to democratic ideals and governments being spread across the world, it set the precedent of equality in our country, and it set it up to be the world power it is today. America’s Revolution gave birth to real applications of Enlightenment ideals, and in doing so spurred movements of independence and democracy around the world duringRead MoreHow The American Revolution Changed America s Political Struggle Against England1757 Words   |  8 Pagesintertwined with symbolism, to paint an allegorical image of the American Revolution. Irving particularly focuses the tale of Rip on America’s political struggle during the latter half of the eighteenth century while highlighting the role of England as a colonializing society. The use of symbolism helps in creating a vivid mental picture and a physical sensation of the subject without directly referring to the details of the revolution itself. Understanding the symbolism helps in deriving the fullRead MoreTo What Extent Did the American Revolution Fundamentally Change Politically, Socially, and Economically in America?884 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution fundamentally changed Amer ican considerably politically because Americans rely on democracy rather than monarchy, socially because the roles of certain social groups experienced a nuance change, and economically because the Americans freed themselves from having to send their raw materials to England and started to manufacture their own products. The American Revolution changed American politically by allowing the people to be governed by representation, a central government

Alice Walkers Journey with Self-Esteem Essay - 1219 Words

Many writers choose to write memoirs about terrible incidents that changed their lives. Alice Malsenior Walker is one of those writers. She was born on February 8, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She considers her life to be very successful for several reasons. Walker graduated from high school as valedictorian. She was involved with the civil rights movement in Mississippi where she lived for seven years. During that time she also got married to a lawyer and had her daughter Rebecca. From an early age she was introverted and quite shy, most likely due to a terrible accident. She immediately retreated into solitude, reading poems and stories and then finally writing. â€Å"Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is the Self†, by Alice Walker, is an essay†¦show more content†¦The statement could have been an innocent comment by the woman with no harm intended. However, due to the constant feeling of being judged, she took the innocent comment and broke it down to be more than it was. After being tormented at school, constantly asked about it, and knowing specifically that she was different than other people, she developed a sense of inferiority among other people. In reality the scar caused her to see a distorted image of herself that nobody else could see. For six years after that incident, Walker hated her eye. There was once a time when she would stare back at those who marveled over her looks, but now it was different: she did not look up. At night before she would go to sleep she would stare in the mirror, despising what she saw. â€Å"That night, as I do almost every night, I abuse my eye. I rant and rave at it, in front of the mirror. I plead with it to clear up before morning. I tell it I hate it and despise it. I do not pray for sight. I pray for beauty† (Walker 4). The way that she felt about herself changed from love, to hate, and finally back to love. Alice Walker went from confident child who was adored by spectators. She loved dressing up and being the cute child. However, once she got the blemish on her eye, she was turned to a girl who hated both her eye and herself; judged by an atrocious accident that she had no control over. With the white scar also came a greatShow MoreRelatedAlice Walker s The Color Purple1460 Words   |  6 PagesElements of Alice Walker’s Life Portrayed in The Color Purple An artist stands in the studio before a blank canvas on an easel, with a palette of colors in hand. Not knowing which to choose from, the artist looks over the variety of shades thinking about the different possibilities, willing to create something extraordinary. With an open mind, the artist ponders the idea of creating something entirely original that goes against the artistic styles practiced before. All on his own Pablo Picasso createdRead MoreThe Color Purple: Spirituality and Religion1486 Words   |  6 PagesAlice Walker states that ‘The Colour Purple remains for her the theological work examining the journey from the religious back to the spiritual. How successful is she in revealing her purpose to the reader? br brIn the preface to ‘the Colour Purple Walker identifies her religious development as the inspiration for her novel and labels religion and spirituality as the principle themes in the book. There are a number of principle characters who complete this journey however in many instancesRead MoreThe Search For Self-Acceptance in the Color Purple by Alice Walker1410 Words   |  6 Pagesand fear† (125-128). Depending on the person Alice Walker has as the recipients of Celie’s and Nettie’s letters, the text alters. The Color Purple is about a girl named Celie, who grows up in the south during the early 1920’s, surrounded by racism, sexism, and abuse from her father and husband. Alice Walker wrote The Color Purple in epistolary style and it traces Celie’s journey of finding her identity and path of finally accepting herself. On her journey she encounters a couple of women includingRead MoreAnalysis Of A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1407 Words   |  6 Pagessymbolize Brown’s love for his new wife, Hawthorne uses the color pink. The color choice displays that although Brown may have affection for his wife, but the love of his Faith is not strong enough to keep him from his secret, evil, sinful mission. The journey begins at night, with the cloak of darkness symbolic of Browns guilt, shame and evil intent. Brown enters a forest he describes as â€Å"darkened by all the gloomiest trees† (2) to meet an older man that strangely resembles him. The old man carries a walkingRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesNovelist, Poet, womanist, and activist Alice Walker explores and provides insight on the issues that woman of color experience through her works, The Color Purple An Epistolary Novel and In Search of Our Mother’s Garden. Walker defines â€Å"Womanist to feminist as purple to lavender† (21). Womanist theory looks at the heart of a colored woman and the things in which grieves her soul. It uplifts and builds Women of color and helping one to embrace their blackness as well as their gender through understandRead MoreThe Color Purple, by Alice Walker and Push, by Sapphire Essay3208 Words   |  13 Pagesconstantly prevent her ri se until she becomes the part of a community that will empower her to triumph over her barriers. â€Å"The Color Purple† is a Pulitzer Prize winning novel by Alice Walker which tells the story of a black woman’s, Celie’s, striving for emancipation. (Whitted, 2004) These novels share a similar focus, the self-actualization of a multi-disadvantaged character who with the help of her surrounding will be able to triumph over her original status. In both â€Å"The Color Purple† and â€Å"Push†,Read MoreWhy Do Entreprenuers Need Public Relations?5111 Words   |  21 Pagesgoals and succeeded with their entrepreneurial success. Struggle was a process in the making because they had to start somewhere with their businesses. Jay-z made sure it was greener on the other side before you mow the grass. Throughout Jay-z’s journey to entrepreneur success he has had some up’s and downs but that didn’t stop him from doing what he had to do. Alo ng with his latest album a deal with Samsung came through with promotion of his new album which had a lot of legends on a record. The

The Genocide Of Rwanda s Tutsi Minority - 1783 Words

The 1994 genocide in Rwanda took place on the 7th of April, a day after the aircraft carrying the Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira, president of neighboring Burrundi was shot down. The 7th of April 1994 saw a succession of massacres across Rwanda. In 100 days, this state-led extermination campaign targeted at the Tutsi minority and â€Å"moderate Hutus† was orchestrated by specific, influential architects -Hutu hardliners of the Habyarimana’s inner circle. This power clique was accountable for the systematic annihilation of Rwanda’s Tutsi minority, an approximate of over half a million civilian lives. Although there are numerous misleading accounts of the genocide that are constructed on the notion that the†¦show more content†¦Pre-colonial Rwanda operated under a monarchical political system, controlled by the Tutsis. The terms Hutu and Tutsi originated from the social and economic distinction between farming and animal husbandry. In general, Tutsis were pastoralists of higher social standing, whilst Hutus were famers of lower social status; the categories were not determined and had variation within. If a Hutu acquired enough cattle, they could become Tutsi and vice versa . Due to German, and later Belgian, colonisers developed a structure of categories for different â€Å"tribes† that functioned of aesthetic impressions. In the 1930s, Belgian colonial officers introduced identity cards that labeled Rwadans according to their ethnicity. The colonisers had an impact on the manner in which power was allocated in the colonial system. Belgian colonisers practiced ind irect rule through the Tutsis, whilst treating them as a superior race, in the process cementing Tutsi dominance and increasing the arbitrariness and repression of local rule. In essence, under colonial rule, â€Å"race† became the central determinant of power; and consequently, â€Å"race† became a symbol of oppression. After World War II, Belgian withered under the newly established United Nations and thus introduced reforms that increased Hutu political representation. Henceforth seeing a new Hutu political class emerge and instigating the

Modern Classism Theory and the Context Essay - 661 Words

Classism is seen at both institutional and individual levels and in many forms. Institutionally, it may surface in the manner financial aid is handled versus traditional tuition on a university’s campus. Individually, on that same campus, it may be displayed in the manner students from different backgrounds are received by a Greek organization. Classism can be insidious as stereotypes and myths, contempt and dislike, or contact avoidance, or as menacing as discriminatory practices in housing, employment, and schooling. One of the strongest stereotypes associated with low-income persons are those which equate members of this group with laziness, uncleanness, immoral behavior, deviance and limited intelligence (Spencer Ontario (LCO), 2009;†¦show more content†¦Phelan (2008) notes classist’s â€Å"assumptions become so integrated into common discourse in diverse social contexts that they become tacitly acceptable and legitimize a particular version of social real ity which objectifies †¦people as a homogenous group in subject positions which emphasize these stereotypical negative attributes† (p. 350). However, classism may be invalidated on the basis of its nature. It is exclusionary, discriminatory and anti-social justice. Those being discrimination against are more than often at a disadvantage because their interests are not represented or their rights respected in society. Classism is predicated on the belief that low income individuals do not and should not have equal rights and their interests should be subordinated or at least different from those of a higher social or income level (Spencer, 2009). Classists in our society usually survive as a function of privilege. Dr. Wade Nobles (as cited in Power/Privilege Definitions, n.d.) notes, â€Å"Power is the ability to define reality and to convince other people that it is their definition.† (p.1). Just as power is an important aspect of classism and classist’s conduct and how it works, so is oppression almost always evident. In fact, it is suggested that an oppressor is one who keeps down another by their power to oppress and by those who consent to this act by their silence. (Power/PrivilegeShow MoreRelatedAlbert Cohen And The Chemical Warfare Service868 Words   |  4 Pagesassessment of classism, delinquency, and gang culture. These are significant phenomena in the modern criminological landscape. Cohen’s best known works include his analysis of gang subculture and criminal organization subcultures. Mutchnick et al., (1990), suggested Cohen’s works as a modern criminologist, was adept at synthesizing different theories and outlooks from previous criminological contexts and disciplines including psychology, human ecology work from Shaw and McKay, and learning theory from HarvardRead MoreTheories of Intersectionality and Oppression1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept that all oppressions are inherently linked underlies the theory of intersectionality that implies interactions of multiple systems of oppression, discrimination, and exclusion. Although we have been exposed to an extraordinarily wide variety of literature throughout the semester, with various standpoints, from very different regions of the world– the one unique concept in which they share is this underlying theme of intersectionality. In their own way, each author points out that we mustRead MoreThe Red Of The White City By Daniel Burnham1427 Words   |  6 Pageshis benefit and no one else around him. Holmes loved the idea of committing crimes and getting away with it. Rules nor regulation, didn’t apply to Holmes because of his mental state. Where there is classism, there is conflict. Conflict theory was portrayed in â€Å"The Devil in the White City†. Conflict theory argues that individuals and social classes within society have differing amounts of material resources (Savur, 1975, 3). However, the more powerful groups use their power to exploit groups with lessRead MoreThe Power Of Context By Malcolm Gladwell Essay1802 Words   |  8 Pagesgenders, social background or other geographic groups, so that people who are suffering conventional or unconventional abuses in the real world are considered as social vulnerable groups. In â€Å"The Power of Context,† Malcolm Gladwell provides a theory and a phenomenon, which are the Broken Window Theory and New York City Subway situation. He uses these two examples to illustrate both cognitive associations and physical surroundings would affect the vulnerable groups and that specific cases can lead toRead MoreEssay Feminism in Literature1552 Words   |  7 Pagess et up a context in which characters relate, often representing â€Å"stock† characters chosen from society and placed in situations where their stereotypical behaviors—and sometimes their breaking of these stereotypes—are highlighted. As feminism became a popular movement in Western countries in general and the United States in particular, female voices were naturally heard through fictional characters. Social and political issues commonly fuel entertainment; feminism, racism, and classism—recurringRead MoreGiving An Education By Adrienne Rich Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesstill feel as if they cannot answer honestly. This helped me as I now aim to construct my own identity by the principles I follow. However, the media may also reveal certain stereotypes that might have some level of truth but are overall drawn out of context which forced me to resist these discourses. 2. Hate crimes maintain systems on inequality as they are based on gender, race, religion, etc. They publicly display and enforce the notion that an inequality leads to punishment and shows who is in controlRead MoreComparing Two Prominent Nineteenth Century Architects: John Soane and Gottfried Semper 1848 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Grand Tour. As we will see later in Soane’s design. He learns from antiquity and primitivism sources. It will be evident that not only did he take idea from classical architecture, but also Post-Palladian French architecture and primitivism theories of Abbà © Laugier. Consequently, Soane directs his design towards both classical and picturesque. On the contrary, German architect Gottfried Semper studied architecture in Paris. He was heavily influenced by the debate of polychromy in classicalRead MoreSocial, Political And Economic Implications Of Money2132 Words   |  9 Pagesthan white families with similar incomes, large banks were pocketing millions of extra dollars from these families as many of the rates today would have been considered â€Å"sub-prime rates†. This predatory act placed against people of color encouraged classism and as a result led to negative socioeconomic outcomes moreover, the notion of â€Å"white neighborhoods† and â€Å"Black neighborhoods† remained the economic reality. In December of 2015, The Boston Globe reported consistent levels of racial disparities amongRead MoreDiscuss Bourdieu’s concept of ‘Habitus’1964 Words   |  8 Pagestheorists that need to be pointed out when talking about this subject matter, such as; Slater, Bourdieu, Lury and Miller. There will also be a slight touch on the key aspects of semiotics and semiology as this tool will be used in order to apply the main theories to practice. So as to carry this out, the theorist Barthes will be studied as well. According to Slater (1997:26), ‘consumer culture is, in principle, universal and impersonal’. The notion behind this is that consumer culture is believed to be somethingRead MoreBeyond Stereotype and Comedy Analysis1785 Words   |  8 Pageswill be considered competent if they are high in status, for instance, with regard to wealth and knowledge. Consequently, lack of competition for the same resources depicts warmth at the group level and status depicts a perceived competence. The theory principally postulates that the various social groups e.g., the black or white, fit exactly in the four combinations of low and high levels of both warmth and competence departing from the previous stereotype models; which posited that most stereotypes

Adolescent Separation and Individuation Essay - 1687 Words

Adolescence serves the purpose of reorganizing the self and abandoning the security of childhood in the quest to forge a new identity. As adolescence sets in, teens naturally proceed through the ongoing task of separation and individuation from the family unit. Even under optimal circumstances, some teens face anxiety surrounding the new sense of responsibility; others appear to seamlessly leave this phase behind prepared for the accountability that comes with adulthood. Regardless of how difficult or simple this process may seem from the outside, those undergoing this growth are faced with an immeasurable amount of uncertainty and even a sense of nostalgia for the loss of childhood. In the most ideal of conditions, one undoubtedly†¦show more content†¦He retells the memory of his family’s arrival at Auschwitz and the moment he and his father were separated from his mother and sisters. During this time, Wiesel became aware of the impending changes in his family struct ure and began to recognize his dependence on his father. He describes the moment he parted from his mother and explains, â€Å"already I felt the pressure of my father’s hand: we were alone† (27). Earlier in the book, he describes his father as â€Å"unsentimental† and â€Å"never [having] any display of emotion. He was more concerned about others than his own family† (2). Prior to deportation, Wiesel did not hold a close relationship with his father, and the pressure he now feels from his hand most likely arises from the new feeling of his father’s physical presence and his newly formed dependence on him. As he continues, â€Å"I had one thought- not to lose him. Not to be left alone† (27), he displays his desperation to retain some of the security of his childhood. Wiesel equates his own survival as being linked to his father’s presence and support; in doing so, he divulges immature thoughts related to a juvenile-like state of mind. As Wiesel and his father become acquainted to life in the camp, they make every effort to continue as a cohesive unit. At one point, the two are separated from the group and Wiesel explains, â€Å"We did not yet know which was the better side†¦which road led to the prison and which to the crematory.Show MoreRelatedMedia Eating Disorders1607 Words   |  7 Pagesimages to a greater extend (Tiggemann, 2001). Separation Anxiety Barth (2003) states that, â€Å"It sometimes seems that the college experience is tailor-made for the development of eating disorders.† This is usually because many youngsters move away from home to face adult life. This development stage can be exciting and rewarding but also at times difficult. Again, this has an ongoing attempt towards a balance between fear of loneliness and separation and wish for connection and attachment from familyRead More Fernando, 16, Finds a Sanctuary in Crime Essay3380 Words   |  14 Pagescontrols on his behavior; non-violent alternatives for managing his anger towards his life were few. Psychodynamics perspective: Psychodynamic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud and has become a significant theory in studying crime behavior in adolescents and children (Siegel, 2005). The theory centers around a three-part structure made up of the id, the ego, and the super ego. The id is considered the primitive part of the personality and is purely focused on instant gratification and is based onRead MoreRelationship Between Children And Parent s Behavior Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesControlling Parenting: Negative Development In another study conducted by Soenens et al. (2015), researchers conducted four similar studies that primarily focused on controlling parenting and the reason for adolescents disobeying parental rules. They drew questionnaires and experiences from the adolescents themselves, their mothers, clinically approved foster youth, and from the parental behaviors that were described. Soenens et al. (2015) also applied a second theory called the Psychological ReactanceRead MoreA Biography Of Margaret S2193 Words   |  9 Pagesrocky childhood, Margaret Mahler becomes one of the most influential and knowledge seeking psychoanalysts. She was intensely involved with her effort in normal childhood development that it sparked the discovery of her greatest work, the separation-individuation theory. Because she had such a troubled childhood she believed that the understanding of oneself was to be her main focus from the beginning. Mahler was involved with many clinical studies and loved working with disturbed and psychotic childrenRead MorePsychological Theories, Freudian, Object Relational, And The Main Components Of Attachment And Object Relations Theory1660 Words   |  7 Pagessuperego leading to individuation and autonomy (Garcia, 1995). In the next sections, the author will discuss the framework of attachment theory by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth since both theorists worked collaboratively with attachment styles and object relations theory. John Bowlby coined the theory of attachment based on the object relations psychoanalytical theory and the conceptualization that individuals need to develop healthy maternal bonds in order to function as adolescents into adulthoodRead MorePsychological Impacts Of Attachment Disorder1311 Words   |  6 Pagesbiologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive. The relationships between attachment classification, psychopathology, and personality traits during adolescence, undergoes a process of individuation, separation and profound socio-emotional changes. Throughout this period, attachment functions as a stress regulator, mediating internal security and proximity access, while emotion regulation is often linked to an increase d rate of psychopathologyRead MoreRelational Theory Of Current Interest1385 Words   |  6 Pagesconnection of others, specifically towards intimate relationships (Gallagher-Mackay, 2014). Malove (2014) noted using relational theory for treatment on adolescent girls victimized by social aggression reflects mutually influences between the client and the therapist during session. Malove (2014) pointed that to social aggression in adolescent girls based on a relational and psychodynamic perspective. Malove (2014) mentioned that power and control are key elements that define abusive relationshipsRead MoreEssay on Attachment Theory2562 Words   |  11 Pages(Ainsworth, 1969). Early attachment is needed for healthy development in infants, to grow into adolescent and early adulthood. â€Å"The classic model proposed by attachment theory explains intergenerational transmission through parental sensitivity to the child’s signals, that is, a mother’s ability to respond to her infant’s needs promptly and appropriately† (Whipple, Bernier, Mageau, 2009, p. 220). Adolescent Attachment â€Å"Adolescent’s with secure attachment strategies tend to engage in productive problemRead MorePeer Attachment And Self Esteem1568 Words   |  7 Pagesabout him or herself, involving self-evaluation along a positive- negative dimension. Most generally self-esteem refers to an individual’s over all positive evaluation to the self. The study was conducted in Hisar District of Haryana state. All the adolescents studying in 9th and 10th standard falling in the age group 15 – 16 years were included in the sample for the study. Self-esteem was taken as dependent variable. Self-Esteem was assessed by Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) by Rosenberg’s (1989)Read MoreSample Literature Review2561 Words   |  11 PagesAdolescent Eating Disorders and Attachment Araceli Hogg amp; Zeynep Cifci University of Houston Adolescent Eating Disorders and Attachment Eating Disorders (ED) negatively affect 25% of adolescents. It is a disorder that compiles abnormal eating habits that includes either excessive or insufficient food intake. These abnormal eating habits can definitely affect the individuals physical and mental health. Different factors are presume to be correlated with eating disorders in adolescents. Some

THE INCREASING HOSTILITY BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS BEFORE free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Gene feels increasing ill will toward Finny before his autumn from the tree. In the novel A SEPARATE PEACE by John Knowles, the ill will between Gene and Finny addition because of the competition inside of them both to be better so one another. It is about the increasing competition between Gene and Finny and the ill will it brings. The ill will eventually split inside Gene and for one blink of an eye it takes over. It makes him make something he will ever repent. Gene? s increasing ill will towards Finny eventually brings the down autumn of their friendly relationship. Gene? s first signifier of ill will toward Finny was the realisation that Finny could acquire away with anything. First case was when Finny was have oning his emblem, the pink buttoned-down shirt, and Mr. Patch-Withers came up to him. Mr. Patch-Withers ask him about the shirt and Finny told him the significance of the shirt. As he explained the replacement schoolmaster became more diverted about the state of affairs and allowed Finny to acquire away with interrupting the school frock codification. After this case Gene admitted to being covetous of Finny in this Quote, ? I was get downing to see that Phineas could acquire away with anything. I couldn? T aid envying him that a small, which is absolutely normal. There was no injury in envying your best friend a little. ? ( 18 ) In this quote Gene is merely stating that he envies his best friend for some thing that he can? t do. This state of affairs is the first of many signifiers of ill will towards Finny that brings about the incident in the tree. At the Patch-Withers party anther mark of Gene? s increasing enviousness towards Finny is shown. This happens when Finny once more gets off with interrupting the frock codification. At the party when discoursing the bombardment of Europe, Mr. Patch-Withers discovers that Finny is have oning the school tie with his pink shirt. With some speedy anecdotes about how his shirt is a part to the war attempt and besides be glad he wore a belt because his bloomerss could fall down. With these speedy anecdotes Finny got off with it, gave Mr. Patch-Withers a good laugh and enraged Gene? s enviousness towards Finny. Gene gave this quotation mark about the case, ? He ( Finny ) had gotten away with everything. I felt a sudden pang of letdown # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. ? ( 21 ) Gene truly does non cognize what he is experiencing he says, but deep down it is his turning enviousness towards Finny and how he is better at acquiring off with things. Gene has turning feelings of enviousness towards his best friend and how he can acquire off with things that most other people can non acquire off with. Gene? s enviousness additions to bitterness of Finny doing him make things he does non desire to make. The first bitterness is when Finny manipulates Gene into leaping out of the tree and into the H2O. The lone ground he resents this is that it was Fine? s mistake he was up in the tree. ? I ( Gene ) wouldn? Ts have been on that damn limb except for him. I wouldn? Ts have turned around? and so I lost my balance, if he hadn? T been there. ? ( 25 ) Gene blames Finn Y for him about falling even though it wasn? Ts truly Finny? s mistake. Gene is so covetous of Finny that he does non desire Finny to be one measure better so him for salvaging his life. He twists the truth to do it seem like it was Finny? s mistake for him about falling. Gene besides resents the fact that Finny made up Blitzball around his physical abilities. Finny adapted the game to his ain physical abilities so he could stand out at it. It made a game of strength, endurance, and velocity merely what Finny? s abilities were. ? Right from the start it was clear that no 1 had of all time been better adapted to athleticss than Finny was to Blitzball. ? ( 31 ) Gene is covetous of Finny doing up a game that he was traveling to be of course good at so, in Gene? s head, he can be better so him and do him look bad. His last bitterness is of Finny tring to affect him with his athletic abilities. How he does this is when they foremost find out about a school swim record that has non been broken for four old ages. Finny broke the record but he does non want Gene to state any organic structure about it. He says he merely wanted to see if he could make it. Gene takes it otherwise, as Finny seeking to affect him. Gene? s enviousness grows larger doing him more hostile. In the terminal he is so enraged by his green-eyed monster that he can? t even state Finny who confided in him about how he was his best friend and that he was besides Finny? s best friend. The ill will between Gene and Finny had reached the point of no return and would stop in Gene exploding, let go ofing his fury. This ill will is a mark of a dramatic turning point in the novel. Gene is really angry over neglecting his large trigonometry trial which was Finny? s mistake for dragging him along to the beach. Gene now has a belief that Finny is tring to do him fail school so he can be better so Gene at everything. ? Finny had intentionally set out to bust up my surveies. That explained blitzball, that explained the every night meetings of the Super Suicide Society # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .Sure he wanted to portion everything with me, particularly his D? s in every topic. That manner he, the great jock, would be manner in front of me. It was all cold hocus-pocus, it was all calculated, it was all enmity. ? ( 45 ) Gene thinks he was making this by jaming his agenda with nines and athleticss so that he won? Ts have clip to survey and bust up his school classs. Then Finny can be better than him at everything. Gene? s misinterpretation of Finny, non understanding that Gene did necessitate to analyze and that it did non come of course, enraged Gene more doing him ready to detonate. ? I ( Finny ) didn? T know you needed to analyze. ? ( 50 ) When Finny said this Gene took it manner out of proportion doing it Gene? s concluding straw. Gene was so angered that he could non take it that Finny merely meant that brains came natural. With the concluding straw gone Gene lost it. His head was in such confusion that he followed Finny out to the tree. He climbed up it, and with out any respect for human life, Gene exploded. He agitate the limb doing Finny lose his balance and autumn to the land.

Brotherhood and Community free essay sample

Just in the human community though we are many we also work at the same purpose in a community, to be in a mutual service and dialogue and for the upbringing of a good and just society sharing and incorporating to them the blessing we have received according to God’s plan and initiative. As what St. Paul said in one of his writing that though we belong to one body and all of us have a different role that played on that one body. Many parts though they are but they all worked for the betterment of the body as a whole. Every part of that human body plays a very important role even how big or small they are they contribute well so that each may work according to what they are meant to be. As lesser brothers in our fraternity we too share and give according to the gifts that we have. So that amidst our diversity and uniqueness we create and we showed to people a different taste and different ways of community living not based on human standards but by God’s own purpose. The Church as the community of all believers favors institutes whose members renew fraternal harmony in a sharing of life and charity. Since we are called to that same mission of Christ, called to proclaim and bring forth the message of God’s love through our deeds and actions. So we are being sent to reform peoples in a newness of life. As we participate in that mission, let us live in the midst of the world as a Gospel leaven so that the people, seeing our way of fraternal life centered in the spirit of the beatitudes, may realize that the kingdom of God has already began in their midst. As what we are practicing and trying to live upon in our day to day living. Through our gospel way of living and gospel witnessing as brothers in the community we may be an inspiration and a living image of Christ’s true presence in our actions. a. Elements of Human Community a-1 – Person If we speak about human person we really define and put at it in general basis as to know the existence or what is the purpose of that person in totality not just human being in the society but as a person created in the image and likeness of God. The human person is an individual creature, distinguished from all other creatures by the gift of freedom, bodily incarnated as male and female and animated by a spiritual principle, traditionally called a soul. The individual human person is at the same time social and historical. That is to say that the person’s humanity is constituted by the wider community of human persons, and they, individually and communally, are constituted by history and by the world in which they live. Indeed, human persons are, in a sense, cocreators with God of both the world and its history (Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, n. 39; see also Pope John Paul II’s 1981 encyclical Laborem Exercens (On Human Work): â€Å"The human person is the image of God partly through the mandate received from the Creator to subdue, to dominate, the earth. In carrying out this mandate, the human person reflects the very action of the Creator of the universe† [II, n. 4, para. 2]). Only when the human person is understood in this larger context – not only as an individual, but also as social being, as historical being, and as being-in-the-world – can our theology of human existence hope to be comprehensive and catholic. a-2 – Society According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church number 1880: A society is a group of persons bound together organically by a principle of unity that goes beyond each one of them. As an assembly that is at once visible and spiritual, a society endures through time: it gathers up the past and prepares for the future. By means of society, each man is established as an heir and receives certain talents that enrich his identity and whose fruits he must develop. He rightly owes loyalty to the communities of which he is part and respect to those in authority who have charge of the common good. As what Karl Marx would say, that, â€Å"No individual human being can sufficiently express himself or herself without benefit of society. † Each one of us really contributes and cooperates in building up and developing our society that we live in. For it is already there that we are born, and it conditions the kind and quality of lives we lead. The individual is derived from society and, therefore, is secondary and subordinate to it. a-3 – Relationship of the Person to the Society The commandment of God to love our neighbor as we have love our self is the basis of our relationship with the society that we live in. our existence has meaning insofar as it is connected to God. Living in the society as a human person one has to be rooted in love of God in order for him share that love of God to all. As brothers to all creation as our Seraphic father St. Francis would say, that for him inferior creatures are just that, creatures, manifestations of the power of God, his messengers, means through which man may know him and love him. He knows how to perceive in them the beauty and the goodness which raises him to the source of all good, to Him who is â€Å"goodness itself. † Therefore, he felt himself to be the brother of all creatures: â€Å"He called all creatures brother, and in a most extraordinary manner, a manner never experienced by others, he discerned the hidden things of nature with his sensitive heart, as one who had already escaped into the freedom of the glory of the sons of God. † His vision of faith makes it possible for him always to discover Christ, the Word made flesh, the crown and meaning of all creation. All things symbolize, contain and proclaim him, each one in his own way. Therefore, when Francis removes the worm from the road, he meditates on the prophetic text which speaks of the patient Servant: â€Å"I am a worm and no man† (Ps. 21:6); when he frees the lamb, he thinks of the â€Å"Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world† (Jn. 1:36), or of the meekness of him who allowed himself to be led â€Å"as a sheep to the slaughter† (Is. 53:7); if he walks reverently on stones, he does it out of consideration for him who is the â€Å"Rock† (1 Cor. 10: 4); if he is moved when he perceives the fragrance and beauty of the â€Å"Flower that springs from the root of Jesse† (Is. 11:1). â€Å"So, all things, especially those in which some allegorical similarity to the Son of God could be found, he would embrace more fondly and look upon more willingly. † In general as a Gospel leaven, a friar who is called to the service and as a witness of God’s love. As a brother to all of His creation we regard everything as brothers and siters. Franciscan brotherhood is a universal and cosmic brotherhood. A relationship that does not isolate us to certain human beings but in all that the Lord provides and exists in the society is our brothers and sister. CHAPTER II GOSPEL BROTHERHOOD Evangelical fraternity cannot remain closed in upon itself. The same charity that animates it causes it to spread and open itself to share with others. The Friars Minor, who â€Å"chose to live in the midst of men,† embrace all men in the same love, establishing a communion of life with them through the liturgy, work, alms, and apostolic action. It was not easy to find a balance in that double impulse toward the pleasant retreat in which the sweetness of contemplation and of the presence of the brothers was enjoyed, and toward the multiplicity of a life on the level of normal society. The temptation of isolating themselves arose for the first time when the group discovered the treasure of fraternal intimacy: â€Å"They all conferred together †¦whether they should dwell among men or go to solitary places. † But Francis knew through prayer that he had been sent to all men. The saint taught that what was important was to carry with oneself the advantages of the heritage. â€Å"Wherever we are and wherever we go, we carry the cell with us. Our cell is brother body and the soul is the hermit who is inside the cell occupied in praying to God and meditating; because if the soul does not remain in quiet and solitude in his cell, the cell that is constructed externally profits the religious little. Living in the world â€Å"as pilgrims and strangers, renouncing the economic and ecclesial autonomy of the monastery, as well as the isolation of the hermitical life, the Friars Minor place themselves in the midst of the common religious life of the people and the daily concerns of the human community. They are at the service of all, with maximum responsiveness, and maximum dependence upon the good will of men which implies dependence upon the love of the most high God, Father of all. In this kind of life there is no division, as there would be if the internal fraternity were suspended for the brother when he left to go to the outside. In reality, as long as there was no convent, one could not speak of â€Å"leaving† it. The â€Å"places† in which the fraternities gathered were open to everyone, as specified in the first rule (chap. 7) in virtue of the principle of poverty-minority. In this way the fraternity continues to be united. It communicates strength to the brother who â€Å"journeys through the world, makes him yearn for the warm company of the brothers, and join them again as soon as he has finished his mission among men. During the first ten years lodging was no problem; at nightfall they took shelter in whatever place they could End. â€Å"Their sinister was as spacious as the world;† during the day they scattered two by two through the towns and countryside; at night they stayed in the houses of lepers or in the hermitages. They were always ready to serve others humbly and devoutly. It came to be a common practice for the brothers to go out in pairs as a public sign of fraternal union. Not without reason did Francis call together the first companions, divide them into four pairs, and say to them: Go, my dearest brothers, two by two into the various parts of the world, announcing to men peace and repentance unto the forgiveness of sins; and be patient in tribulation, confident that the Lord will fulfill his purpose and his promise. To those who put questions to you, reply humbly; bless those who persecute you; give thanks to those who injure you and calumniate you. † Jesus had also sent his disciples in pairs (Mk. 6:7; Lk. 10:1). This evangelical reason doubtlessly influenced a custom that came to be a popular characteristic of the presence of the Friars Minor on the roads of the world. Each itinerant pair wanted to witness to the experience of love with the fraternities. No one should be excluded from universal charity; not even the sinner, the heretic, nor the Saracen. The episode of the thieves who were sent away unkindly by the brothers at the hermitage of Mt. Casale, and later searched for with humility and love by command of Francis, is a sample of the way he wished brotherhood with all men to be understood. a. Evangelical brotherhood in the context of Sacred Scripture The impulse to achieve the unity desired by Christ through the bonds of fraternity has always existed in the people of God. Looking upon in the Sacred Scriptures the first community was convoked by Jesus when he first called his disciples. â€Å"According to the Synoptic accounts, the formation of the apostolic community began with the call of the first disciples (see Mk. 1:16-20). Jesus’ words, â€Å"Follow me and I will make you fishers of men,† this imply transformation and re-creation. The invitation is definitive and radical to which corresponds an equally definitive and radical response: one that results in something totally new. The word of Jesus is dabar â€Å"it realizes itself. † Jesus’ words create what they express: â€Å"come follow me,† resulted in sequela â€Å"following,† koinia â€Å"communion,† diakonia â€Å"service,† kerygma â€Å"proclamation. † The call to follow Christ gives birth to a new identity, new community and new mission. The call to follow Christ is actually a con-vocation. Jesus called the first disciples one by one, and they found themselves following one and the same person. Jesus, who convoked them, was to be the defining element of the community of the twelve. Their coming together to be formed into one community was the result of their response to Jesus who told them with authority, â€Å"Follow me. † Then they adhered to him after cutting all the tiers that bound them to their previous life. They gave up everything, including their former relationships and commitments for the sake of Christ (see Mk. 10:28) and the Gospel (Mk. 10:29). Jesus called the twelve, first of all, to be with him, to establish with him a personal, intimate, stable, and lasting relationship. In other words, the sequela first implies communion of life with Jesus and among the apostles themselves. In fact, the first task of the twelve was not â€Å"to go and preach† but â€Å"to establish communion of life with Jesus. † They could not form Christian communities, without first being a community if Christ and for Christ. The twelve were to establish communion of life with Jesus so that they could become his messenger, witnesses, and missionaries. In the eyes of the people the twelve who followed Jesus wherever he went, constituted a living parable. Their abandonment of their occupations, priorities and families showed that Jesus was worth giving up everything (see Mk. 10:29-30). It was the presence of Jesus that held the twelve together. Understandably, his absence would cause the community’s disintegration. Christ himself foretold this disintegration: â€Å"You will all fall away; for it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Mk. 14:27). In fact, in Gethsemane the arrest of Jesus was followed by the dispersion of the disciples: â€Å"†¦ they all forsook him and fled† (Mk. 14:50). They remained dispersed until they were re-gathered around the Risen Lord by the Holy Spirit. Thus only Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit can truly hold the faith community together. What the first community of Jerusalem attained temporarily, an impossible ideal for the entire ecclesial community reappears continually as the vocation of smaller groups who keep alive the Christian aspiration to that goal. As what the Acts of the Apostle would say: â€Å"They devoted themselves to the teaching of the apostles and to the communal life, to the breaking of the bread and to the prayers. All who believe were together and had all things in common; they would sell their property and possessions and divide them according to each one’s need. Everyday they devoted themselves to meeting together in the temple area and to breaking bread in their homes. They ate their meals with exaltation and sincerity of heart, praising God and enjoying favor with all the people. And everyday the Lord added to their number those who were being saved† (Acts 2:42-47). Evangelical brotherhood / Gospel brotherhood is rooted in the example of Jesus’ calling his disciples and forming them into an intimate group of brothers and friends. It is a gathering of men coming from different ways of life; they become united by the bond of their relationship with Jesus Christ who called them to leave behind their old lives and to begin anew with him as his disciples. The disciples were called into that brotherhood, and each of them was personally invited by Jesus Christ to follow Him more closely, and to live the Gospel with him as his close companions. The center and heart of the brotherhood of disciples was the person of our Lord Jesus Christ. He is the center and the heart of the brotherhood. Their vision is his vision, their mission flows from Jesus’ mission. The Gospels are very clear that this small group of men who formed a community of disciples were very close to Jesus. Their closeness also invited them to follow Jesus more closely, his footsteps and his way of life. This Gospel brotherhood had Jesus as its center: it followed more closely the very actions, deeds and works of Jesus himself. When Jesus prayed, they prayed with him. When Jesus went to preach to peoples, they went to preach with him. This evangelical / Gospel brotherhood is a contemplative and prayerful brotherhood. This evangelical / Gospel brotherhood is a missionary and preaching brotherhood. One of the most characteristic of Franciscan Capuchin life is its basic foundation as called to live the Gospel way of life. When St. Francis was called by the Lord to follow in his footsteps, Francis really followed Jesus as what the Lord had inspired him on how to live on this world. Giving up everything and renouncing all his wealth and even his vices and sins. b. Evangelical brotherhood in the context of the Franciscan tradition Inspired by God, St. Francis initiated a gospel form of life that he called a brotherhood according to the example of the life of Christ and his disciples. The impulse to achieve the unity desired by Christ through the bonds of fraternity has always existed in the people of God. The Franciscan Order, which is an expression of consecrated life in the Church, aims to follow this sacred religion of evangelical / Gospel brotherhood. Jesus Christ, who is the heart of the brotherhood, is the source and end of this way of life that was initiated by Saint Francis of Assisi. Franciscans live together as brothers of one family, under the Fatherhood of God the Father, united in their love of Christ, their brother. The Franciscans support one another through prayer, mutual encouragement, honest communication and joyful sacrifice. Before Francis found brotherhood as an ideal of evangelical life, he found his brother in Jesus Christ first. And his brother Jesus Christ is present in his brothers around him, his neighbor – there Christ reveals himself to Francis as his brother. Through Christ and his Gospel, Francis gradually grasped the full meaning of the universal fatherhood of God and of the family of the sons of God that unites the baptized, all men and the whole creation. For Francis each brother is a person with his own human individuality and spiritual features, and also with his own depth of feelings and concerns. The new spiritual family that has welcomed him should not look upon him as one who has been torn away from his natural family; rather, a certain communion of love should be created between the one family and the other. The saint called the mother of each brother the mother of all the rest. One day a poor, old lady who had two sons in the fraternity came to the Portiuncula. She was looking for help in her economic difficulties. Francis went to the minister general, Peter Catanii, and said: â€Å" Can we find something for our mother? † and since there was nothing in the house except a copy of the New Testament that was used for liturgical readings, he said: â€Å"Give our mother the New Testament; she will sell it to take care of her needs. I firmly believe that we will give greater pleasure to the Lord and to the Blessed Virgin his Mother by giving it to her than by reading it. † Celano comments that this was the use made of the first New Testament that was in the order. Evangelical fraternity cannot remain closed in upon itself. The same charity that animates it causes it to spread and open itself to share with others. The Friars Minor, who â€Å"chose to live in the midst of men,† embrace all men in the same love, establishing a communion of life with them through the liturgy, work, alms, and apostolic action. It was not easy to find a balance in that double impulse toward the pleasant retreat in which the sweetness of contemplation and of the presence of the brothers was enjoyed, and toward the multiplicity of a life on the level of normal society. The temptation of isolating themselves arose for the first time when the group discovered the treasure of fraternal intimacy: â€Å"They all conferred together †¦whether they should dwell among men or go to solitary places. † But Francis knew through prayer that he had been sent to all men. The saint taught that what was important was to carry with oneself the advantages of the heritage. â€Å"Wherever we are and wherever we go, we carry the cell with us. Our cell is brother body and the soul is the hermit who is inside the cell occupied in praying to God and meditating; because if the soul does not remain in quiet and solitude in his cell, the cell that is constructed externally profits the religious little. Living in the world â€Å"as pilgrims and strangers, renouncing the economic and ecclesial autonomy of the monastery, as well as the isolation of the hermitical life, the Friars Minor place themselves in the midst of the common religious life of the people and the daily concerns of the human community. They are at the service of all, with maximum responsiveness, and maximum dependence upon the good will of men which implies dependence upon the love of the most high God, Father of all. In this kind of life there is no division, as there would be if the internal fraternity were suspended for the brother when he left to go to the outside. In reality, as long as there was no convent, one could not speak of â€Å"leaving† it. The â€Å"places† in which the fraternities gathered were open to everyone, as specified in the first rule (chap. 7) in virtue of the principle of poverty-minority. In this way the fraternity continues to be united. It communicates strength to the brother who â€Å"journeys through the world, makes him yearn for the warm company of the brothers, and join them again as soon as he has finished he mission among men. During the first ten years lodging was no problem; at nightfall they took shelter in whatever place they could End. Their sinister was as spacious as the world;during the day they scattered two by two through the towns and countryside; at night they stayed in the houses of lepers or in the hermitages. They were always ready to serve others humbly and devoutly. It came to be a common practice for the brothers to go out in pairs as a public sign of fraternal union. Not without reason did Francis call together the first companions, divide them into four pairs, and say to them: Go, my dearest brothers, two by two into the various parts of the world, announcing to men peace and repentance unto the forgiveness of sins; and be patient in tribulation, confident that the Lord will fulfill his purpose and his promise. To those who put questions to you, reply humbly; bless those who persecute you; give thanks to those who injure you and calumniate you. † Jesus had also sent his disciples in pairs (Mk. 6:7; Lk. 10:1). This evangelical reason doubtlessly influenced a custom that came to be a popular characteristic of the presence of the Friars Minor on the roads of the world. Each itinerant pair wanted to witness to the experience of love with the fraternities. No one should be excluded from universal charity; not even the sinner, the heretic, nor the Saracen. The episode of the thieves who were sent away unkindly by the brothers at the hermitage of Mt. Casale, and later searched for with humility and love by command of Francis, is a sample of the way he wished brotherhood with all men to be understood. b-1) Rule of Life of the Friars Minor Before he found brotherhood as an ideal of the evangelical life, Francis found his brother. On his brother man, his brother Christ revealed himself to him. And through Christ and his gospel, he gradually grasped the full meaning of the universal fatherhood of God and of the family of the sons of God, that unites the baptized, all men and the whole creation. In his writings Francis always speaks of fraternity when he refers to the group of his followers. The word â€Å"brother† is constantly repeated in the two rules and in the Testament, frequently with adjectives that are full of affection: â€Å"my brothers,† â€Å"my blessed brothers,† â€Å"most beloved brothers. † And this attains theological elevation in chapter 22 of the first rule. It is a fraternity bound to the proclamation of the Kingdom, and therefore itinerant, always ready and open. The fraternity itself is freed – not only each brother – from earthly anxieties, and projected toward men. It is a fraternity of the poor, and therefore, a fraternity of â€Å"Minores. † The Rule of Life of the Franciscans is very clear regarding the Gospel way of life that Jesus proposes. Franciscans, as consecrated persons, strive to live out more closely the Gospel pattern of life that Christ himself left for us all. Evangelical / Gospel brotherhood is part of this pattern of life. Both the verbally approved Rule and the Rule with the Papal Approbation Seal contains this element of Gospel life in brotherhood among the Franciscans. Holy Mother Church has so confirmed this Gospel way of life of Saint Francis and recommends it to all faithful who have the same calling as of Francis and his first companions. At the beating heart of the Franciscan religious life is to live in Gospel brotherhood inspired by Christ who is our brother. Evangelical brotherhood cannot remain closed in upon itself. The same charity that animates it causes it to spread and open itself to share with others. The Friars Minor, who â€Å"chose to live in the midst of men,† embrace all men in the same love, establishing a communion of life with them through the liturgy, manual work, alms, and apostolic action. b-2) Our Life in Fraternity According to the Constitutions of the Capuchin Friars Minor The Capuchin Franciscan life, which is rooted deeply in the very spirit and life of St. Francis of Assisi, and being a true branch of the Franciscan first Order, continues this sacred and blessed tradition of Gospel brotherhood among the Capuchin Friars Minor. The Constitutions jealously preserve this aspect of the Franciscan life. The santa et bella riforma Capuccina (holy and beautiful Capuchin reform) keeps true to this divine inspiration of living in brotherhood according to the vision of St. Francis of Assisi. It has a special chapter on the brothers’ Life in Fraternity, and all the other chapters of the Constitutions are imbued with the same ideal spirit of brotherhood. The Capuchins’ life of chastity, penance, obedience, poverty, mission and apostolate, economy, formation, and government are all deeply ingrained with the spirit of Gospel brotherhood and its vision. Life in community is an important part of the normal Capuchin routine. Compared to the great monastic houses, Capuchin communities are usually very small and the brothers easily felt each others’ presence almost always, even in quiet and work. â€Å"Formation is a the development of the brothers and the fraternities in such a way that our life may daily more conform to the holy gospel and the Franciscan spirit according to the needs of times and places. † (Constitutions n. 22) Naturally this work of formation is more intense during a candidate’s forst years in the Order, but it goes on all through life, because we never reach perfection in this world. â€Å" the first school of fomation is the daily experience of religious life, with its normal rhythm of prayer, reflection, community life and work† (n. 43). prayer is bith public and private, menatal and vocal. Public prayer consists of the Divine Office and the Mass. , which is the highlight of the daily round. â€Å"We should highly esteem the mystery of the Eucharist and the liturgy of the hours. St. Francis wanted them to mould the entire life of the fraternity† (n. 47). Life in community is an important part of the normal Capuchin routine. Compared to the great monastic houses, Capuchin communities are usually small. The old Constitutions considered twelve to be the ideal number; this of course, was only a rough indication of what was desirable. â€Å"Inspired by God, Saint Francis initiated a way of gospel life which he called a fraternity, following the example of Christ and his disciples† (n. 83). b-3) Fraternal life of Capuchins in the Philippines The Capuchins here in the Philippines are relatively young as an Order. They have recently celebrated the 25th Anniversary as a Philippine Province, that is, no longer under the Spanish – Navarra Province from which it was born. There were struggles at the beginning but these were necessary parts to build a stronger brotherhood among the Filipino Capuchins. Most of them initially were formed under the Spanish formation, but later on, they had the eagerness and the initiative to create a formation system of their own that is truly Filipino and truly Capuchin – a combination of both. Filipino brotherhood has its little differences compared to Spanish brotherhood, our Filipino culture adds a beautiful twist to the expression of brotherhood among the members and this was carefully drawn from the members to make. The authentic Filipino Capuchin that we contribute is that our â€Å"Bayanihan Spirit†, wherein as brothers in the province shared and express this in our dealings with the other provinces and jurisdiction of the capuchins especially where our services and our pr esence is needed. Solidarity of personnel is highly offered especially to places where no one dared to live and serve upon. In every place and whatever circumstances that we are into our Filipino – Capuchin flavor always rooted and flavor by the same rule and constitution that we profess. Chapter III Franciscan Gospel Brotherhood as a Deepening of Human Community in the Light of Christian Vocation a. Reflections Living among the brothers in the community was perhaps the most challenging and a most daring adventure of love. A characteristic that I could assume as I sum up with all that we have discussed and presented it as our guide in living a harmonious and living according to a radical call of living the Gospel values itself. As a friar minor among the Capuchin order it was indeed a very challenging for me since the time I entered and had professed this kind of life. Recalling all my experiences before I entered the seminary living as a whole or in a family, it was really hard for me to go with other people before since I don’t have that kind of close intimacy with my family or even among my friends. I tried to isolate myself and tried to live as if I could do everything on my own. b. Conclusion â€Å"No man is an Island† as what John Donne is saying. Man needs companions in his life, he does not live alone in this world. A community helps man achieve his greatest potentials as an individual altogether. It helps him perfect his social existence, his physical power, his emotional possibilities, his spiritual journey, and his fullness as a creature. Every single person enriches a community of persons who are gathered together with the same vision and mission in life. Likewise, every community, enriches altogether all the members of that community. It is a two-way process, and one that is necessary to achieve the ends for which all was made, either the community and the individual person. The vocation of St. Francis and of the Franciscans in general highlight this landmark in human existence! The capacity of man that allows him to form groups is a blessed inheritance that has been passed on from one generation to the next. Community building has become an indispensable part of the growth of human persons. What St. Francis and the Franciscans do is to rouse people in the spirit of brotherhood and give everyone the chance to translate these human values into spiritual values, transforming them into heavenly riches that calls man to attain to the highest perfection, and that is, union with God – or even in a nobler way – communion with God – where a community is no longer formed by merely men who human vision, but a community is forged between Man and God, and they become one in vision and heart! This spiritual genius that is long kept as t tradition and way of life of the Franciscans remain to be a most precious jewel in the history of humanity as a whole. Human relationships are deepened when clearly viewed in the light of Gospel values and teachings. It is important, therefore, that Franciscans of today remain faithful to this vocation to brotherhood or building communities, because this is how they enrich the Church and the world as a whole with their particular charism. It is a challenge for them all to continue to early beginnings of St. Francis, so as to find a world that is more of a family than a market place. Each person, each individual is part and parcel of a blessed unity of whole that together sojourns its way to the bosom of God. No one ought to be left behind, it is a journey everyone takes together, hand in hand, with the good of the other in mind, imbued by the Love that binds together as a family under the one Fatherhood of God. We are all called into one universal fami