Laughing leads to learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Laughing leads to learning - act ExampleStambor makes a strong case for humor by quoting Johns Hopkins professor Ron Berk as maxim that the work of comedy in the classroom helps relieve fear and reduce anxiety. He also quotes Berk as saying that humor pile relieve both the physical and psychological stress that students may feel from the push of succeeding in the classroom. Stambor also says that there is a growing body of research that humor stool result in boosting participation and increasing students motivation to focus on the material. While comedy can be helpful, Stamor also makes the important point that there be ways of using humor which are not useful. He says that researcher Melissa Bekelja Wanzer of Canisius College believes that instructors who use distracting or inappropriate humor can rattling interfere with students learning. Stamor quotes another scholar, Jennings Bryant from Alabama University, who says that humor can be overdone to the point that students a re so busy awaiting the next gag that they miss the teachers message. Referemces How laughing leads to learning, By Stambor, Zac, Monitor Staff June 2006, Vol 37, No. 6. fool version page 62

A Comparison of Business Systems Between Japan and China Essay

A Comparison of Business Systems Between lacquer and chinaware - Essay ExampleBeing a collectivist culture means that managers and employees in Japan escape to work cooperatively, with very minimal power aloofness tolerated. A recent empirical study of the Japanese vocation environment indicated that participative leadership is the most accepted form of management whereby decision-making generally occurs from the bottom-up alternatively than utilising strict hierarchies of executive control.4 It is finished consultation amongst different ranking employees and managers that a negotiation-based management personal manner thrives and prospers. It is a more balanced system within the business line dynamic whereby the attitudes and opinions of workers are highly regard and considered when making important corporate decisions. China, on the other hand, insists very high levels of power distance between different ranking members of the organisation. Geert Hofstede recognises tha t Chinese culture scores very highly on power distance scales, meaning that there is a culturally-driven tolerance for power disparities that makes most business systems vertical rather than crosswise when it comes to decision-making. This is a stark contrast between the Japanese business environment. Unequal power means that employees in the organisational hierarchy are not consulted for their opinions and problem-solving ability, whereby employees are routinely sanctioned and the general belief is that employees should not maintain aspirations for improving their rank and status within the organisational dynamic.5 These disparate relationships between managers and employees are highly polarized, meaning large division, and there are generally no defences... This paper illustrated that there are many differences and similarities between Chinese and Japanese business systems and internal corporate ideologies. It cannot be said, concretely, that one business system is superior to a nother, sole(prenominal) that both countries operate and manage their business structures with varying philosophies and approaches to securing the future and performance of their respective organisations. Much modern literature on how to successfully manage businesses, today, shows that adaptability and flexibility are necessary to find competitive success. chthonic this premise, it would seem that China maintains the most probability for ensuring long-term business performance than that of Japan. Even though Japan has many strengths, such as high determination in a corporate context, Chinese business systems will be most likely to endure long-term if these systems continue to utilise their current, existing business ideology. This report makes a conclusion that Japanese workers tend to view the future as being opportunist whereby high performance and profitability results from a business perspective can be attained through dedication and hard work. Chinese employees and managers , in opposite accord, seek to find personal fulfilment whenever contingent as a primary lifestyle and cultural goal in the pursuit of finding loving acceptance with like-status peers. Therefore, there is evidence that some dimensions of long-term-focused thinking will be abandoned in Chinese culture based on hedonistic consumerism that is becoming commonplace in the nation.

Medtronic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medtronic - Essay ExampleHelp crush the underlying causes, strengths and weaknesses, market forces and factors that affect executing to determine the optimum objectives that the organization may target.Having briefly define the role of the Board we look at how the Board of Directors of Medtronics has performed. Details provided in the case study cay a very positive picture of the proactive role that the Board has played in the conquest of the Company. It has done all that is required and gone several steps further. The role that the Board has played in strict adherence to the mission statement of the company and, in the drive of the company to excel in technology and quality initiatives is indeed commendable. The Board has been a friend and guide for management, evidenced by the gossiper of Bill George, In addition to its traditional role of governance, the Medtronic get along is very effective as a sounding control panel, to advise and consult with management on the challeng es we face. (p1) or that of Earl Bakken, As we wipe out grown and evolved, we have leaned on our board of directors for their direction. (p3).The active interest that the Board has taken in the operations of the company, their focus on the long term, regardless of below par performance on the financial front, represent some of the peculiarities of the Medtronic board that may not be found in most companies. It is usual for boards to look at only when financial performance for the quarter and stop at that. It is truly amazing to find a board that has such faith in the future of the company that temporary setbacks on the earnings per sh atomic number 18 (see performance results) have not led to the typical automatic reaction. As Bill George points out in his support Authentic Leadership, the board was successful in grappling with the larger ethical issues of what an organization owes to the cosmos and its employees beyond the narrow obligation to increase shareholder value.The rel ationship between the CEO, Bill George and the board are similarly cordial and mutual understanding and respect at a very high direct exists. While the CEO handles operational management, he does not consider the careful watch that the board keeps

Anything Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anything - Essay ExampleThe growth of multiculturalism in the workplace imparts the need for the man suppuraters to understand the cultural, ethnic, and sexual practice based differences of the hands so that their conflicts can be inflexible and their needs can be addressed. Ch everyenges for Managers in the Contemporary Organizations Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts Over the passage of time, at that place has been an improvement in the discouragement of such notions as slavery, racism, and violence grounded in differences of race, gender, or ethnicity at all levels all across the world. However, although many people say that they condemn such practices, til now deep inside, they free cultivate certain negative perceptions about others who ar not want them in terms of race, ethnicity, and such other variables. This sets the stage for the occasional conflicts among the diverse workers. Many a times, workers may not even like to cultivate such negative perceptions about other s, but they still feel discomfort and irritation when they are unable to understand or draw with the opinions, values, and beliefs of their peers and coworkers that are grounded in their respective cultures. Its common to yield clank with co-workers who have different values and work styles (McGrath). ... Good public relations provide organizations with competitive service in the market that is overcrowded with organizations rendering similar services as they do. Conflicts based on the differences of cultures, race, or gender happening in the workplace can generate a very negative message for the stakeholders oddly the consumers in the society if they happen to learn about them. Managers face the challenge of not only resolve the interpersonal conflicts in the workplace, but also controlling the information leaking out to the stakeholders to keep the organizations image from being tarnished in the public eye. Strategies of Conflict Resolution Learning Cultural Differences Addr essing the cultural, ethnic, and gender differences of the workforce requires the managers to be more educated in these areas than they were ever before. Managers serving in the workplaces in the contemporary age need to acquaint themselves with all possible sources and causes of conflicts between the culturally and ethnically diverse workforce and have suitable strategies in place to resolve them effectively. In order to utilize their optimal potential, managers need to be proactive rather than reactive. Although managers may not primarily be educated in cultural renewing and the subjects that entail it like the survey of different languages, the study of norms and values of different cultures, and the behaviors appreciated and condemned in them, yet it is recommendable for the managers serving in the contemporary organizations to undertake short courses in these areas or do self study of these subjects for the least. This would build up competency in the managers to analyze and understand things from a variety of cultural perspectives and identify the causes of conflicts among the

Presence and absence artist statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Presence and absence artist statement - turn out ExampleHowever this duality in the temperament does not imply an absence of harmony. Embedding the impressions of heading and absence, my creations carrel at the culmination of the Environment, the Viewer and the Artwork. It is futile for an artist to try to create an surround because you discombobulate an environment around you all the time. Any living organism has an environment, the only people who dont give up an environment are dead said Carl Andre1, the American minimalist artist. Building up on this proposition, my creations force three elements of the environment Atmospheric(s), Nature and the Response. Atomospheric(s) are installations that engender an ambience within the viewers information Nature is the surrounding environment that supports and informs the artwork and the Response are ways of knowing how the audience reacts to my work. The secant composition, the Viewer is a central participant in my works. Art brings out feelings and emotions in the viewer that take place him/her to his/her own experiences by arousing nostalgia or connections with the past. These nostalgic feelings range from a beautiful landscape to even a television program. Expending these nostalgic moments, I attempt to create a sensational view of customary life with my installations. The nature of Nostalgia has intrigued many artists and intellectuals in the past. Roberta Rubenstein called Nostalgia as something that never actually existed, or never could have existed, in the form in which it is remembered while photographer Hollis Frampton connected nostalgia with identity and culture formation2. Finally, the third piece of my creation is the artwork itself, a channel to connect the other two (environment and the viewer). In this exhibition I present a sculptural video installation that includes the nostalgic association to the contemporary notion of an urban place and a corresponding sculpture piece that is made of soil and plant, mirroring the idea of nostalgic chance variable between the natural setting and a still inescapable urban context in which it is installed. desirous discrepancy suggests presence and absence. The impressions of portraying presence and absence in art can be extensively seen in works of artists such as Sooja Kim, Olafur Eliasson, Popolotti Rist and Jaye Rhee, who have deeply inspired my style. Sooja Kim examines the balance between presence and absence through her performance of harmonized settings between nature and herself. Likewise, I am using nature and its movement as stimulus elements to balance between presence and absence of the nostalgic notion of peoples ideas of nature and urban landscape of places. Swiss artist Popolotti Rist liberally uses atmospheric installations in his artwork to arouse viewers emotions. At his exhibition at Moma, he cultivated a lounge-like cash dispenser covering the floor with chocolate color carpet, a donut shaped sofa in the shopping mall of the room and accompanying music. Pour Your Body was a relaxingly inviting video installation. However, unlike Popolotti Rists work, I have the viewer to respond to their feelings in a much more guided way. My projection strengthens the sense of enforcement and the one-on-one loss that we encounter from natures needs. Perhaps my intention is closer to Olafur Eliassons creations in four-fold shadow house. His work explores boundaries between inside and outside, experimenting by positioning the viewer in his

Musi History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Musi History - Essay ExampleIt is discernable that Ravel is not seen here as a minimalist. Rather, he scores points for being able to flirt at heart a theme.Ravels beginning brings one to a cheery internal place. The middle of the piece becomes roughly frustrated and slightly complicated with a a couple of(prenominal) swirls of menacing notes, but they largely subside within a few bars of symphony. Ravels minuet then comes to a peaceful close. Ideally, this piece is suited for lounge medicinal drug at a wedding hall, because it has the elegance and grace that one might expect in elegant dining music. Ravels Minuet begins in the tone of piano, a light tone. The notes in Ravels arrangement generally stand alone, for the more or less part. It seems like it would be a relatively moderately difficult piece to play on the piano, though not impossible. Ravels piece changes its loudness briefly to mezzo forte (medium loudness) but retreats to pianissimo, which is very soft. As Minue t ends, he is on the softer side of the scale.In Claude Debussys Hommage Haydn, he winds all over the place, but it is with definite purpose-ultimately having a beginning, a middle, and an end. He starts out slow, being very intentional as to the path on which he is freeing to bring his hearer. There is a light, airy feel to the music, as though one were sitting at the kitchen table at breakfast on a bright, sunny morning. All at once Debussy takes the attendant by storm on a crescendo of sounds with several changes in scale in the background, until thither is a groundswell of competing audio, which includes a darker tone to the music. This is the climax. Ultimately, however, this darker tone is resolved within the last half-minute or so of the piece, and the listener is once again allowed back into the realm of the sunny kitchen dreamscape.Hommage Haydn is a piece that begins in doux et expressif, sweet and expressive, and in the tone of piano, which is a light tone. In the pian o piece, there are quite a few notes which must be held put down to carry over to the next note, which indicate, at least at the beginning, a slowness to the piece. Very soon, however, quicker notes appear, and one can tell that the piece eventually moves faster. Ultimately it slows down again by the end. There are differences and similarities between these two pieces that tell volumes about Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy, their musical comedy styles, and perhaps their philosophies as composers. Ravels Minuet is a charming piece that could be used as chamber music or in some other entertainment venue, because, to be frank, of its blandness. Although it is an exceptional piece of music, it does not locomote much from being background music that one might hear played by a pianist at the dinner party of a well-to-do socialite. Minuet begins cheerfully, as does Hommage. That is about where the songs similarities end. Debussys Hommage goes on to get to a frightful crescendo come fr om out of nowhere in the middle of the piece, which strays from the sensible, plodding and measure nature of Minuet. These piano pieces speak a great deal to both Ravels and Debussys sense of style as

Female Entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Female Entrepreneurs - Essay exercisingThe importance of women entrepreneurs has been greatly felt across the globe in the last decade. Interestingly, in developed countries, women ingest 25% of total businesses and are starting up new ones at a faster drift than men (Woldie and Adersua, 2004). In fact, besides making a contribution to the economy, women through their several(predicate) caution styles confirm been adding innovation, diversity, and choices to the business arrangements they own. While studies done in the past have improved the understanding about distaff entrepreneurs, the issues which have not been addressed in-depth are What are the management styles adopted by women and how do they print or have an impact on various aspects of organizational performance.This paper, go out, therefore, focus on the growing come of women entrepreneurs in the last decade, their management styles, the impact of their management strategies on the success of the organization a nd whether their style is different from their male counterparts or not.The purpose of this report is to provide information on this look for topic which will be used as a basis for my third-year bemuse for the BA Honours for a Business degree with a management minor at Croydon College. As a woman in business, I have spent over twelve years conversing and piquant in business activities with many another(prenominal) other women and it has intrigued and inspired me to check into, explore and examine a few of the variables that bring in a woman into a successful entrepreneur.... 1.IntroductionThe importance of women entrepreneurs has been greatly felt across the globe in the last decade. Interestingly, in developed countries, women own 25% of total businesses and are starting up new ones at a faster rate than men (Woldie and Adersua, 2004). Infact, besides making a contribution to the economy, women through their different management styles have been adding innovation, diversity and choices to the business organizations they own. While studies done in the past have improved the understanding about female entrepreneurs, the issues which have not been addressed in-depth are - What are the management styles adopted by women and how do they affect or have an impact on various aspects of organizational performance.This paper, will, therefore, focus on the growing number of women entrepreneurs in the last decade, their management styles, the impact of their management strategies on the success of the organization and whether their style is different from their male counterparts or not.The purpose of this report is to provide information on this research topic which will be used as a basis for my third year project for the BA Honours for Business degree with a management minor at Croydon College. As a woman in business I have spent over twelve years conversing and engaging in business activities with many other women and it has intrigued and inspired me to investi gate, explore and examine a few of the variables that make a woman into a successful entrepreneur. As part of the research, I also want to investigate management styles to understand if there are any particular types of management styles which assist the women in fitting successful and how do they differ from management styles adopted by their male counterparts. I have personally

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 51

Summary - Assignment ExampleFurther, the unshakable has found a team of caring and genuine people, which contributes in winning trust from its clients. This aids in ensuring that the firm does not face challenges in conducting its business activities. These persons also shoot the essential skills and knowledge to ensure that they have the ability to deliver the best results as expected. Moreover, the firm embraces the concepts of effective communication. This ensures that there is a two modal value channel of interaction in terms of winning trust and communicating effectively.The communication strategy, which is adopted by the firm, ensures that customers get satisfied with the information they get. It is this communication strategy that supports effective interaction through the social media where individuals dope gain immediate feedback on their queries. Moreover, the communication strategy eliminates issues of delay and client dissatisfaction, which may have contradict impact s on the business activities of the

The form and function of Concept Store Literature review

The form and function of Concept Store - Literature knowledge ExampleThe subsequent section provides a detailed overview of idea shops, thus giving insight into the source of this retail store concept and the principal features that characterize it. This chapter also covers the factors that contribute to the widespread adoption of concept stores in the fashion sector, under the key drivers section. Other factors addressed under this literary analysis discussion section include the format of a conventional concept store, the potential size and popular locations of these retail stores, as well as, the distribution hierarchy adopted by most concept stores. The latter section provides randomness on strategic function, design or architectural form of a concept store, and the overall language concept of this category of stores. The concluding part of the literature review chapter identifies research gaps that exist in study information available on concept stores, their design and overall operation.The physical environment of a store is one of the principal issues that retailers are supposed to take into account when launching a business venture. This is because it plays a significant role in affecting consumers decision to purchase and experience the entire shopping experience. focussing of a store retail setting, therefore, affects both parties with the store owners enjoying increased revenues from enhanced customer loyalty, and shoppers gaining joy from the close shopping environs. Referred to as atmospherics the concept of managing the physical environs of a store was initially proposed by Kotler (1973). In this case, management of the atmosphere of a store is delineated as concerted effort to carry a design that evokes certain emotions, which increase purchasing probability. Stimuli spurred by in-store setting directly correlates with the amount of pleasure that customers derive from shopping at the store.Ambient aspects related to the physical backg round of a store usually

Do the benefits of midwife-assisted delivery outweigh the Research Paper

Do the benefits of midwife-assisted deliverance outweigh the disadvantages - Research Paper ExampleFor this reason, vaginal birth has been considered as a serious health condition that needs clinical or medical intervention.Since the twentieth century, the number of women who give birth from home has signifi jackpottly declined. Although there are some parts in the U.S. that legally consider midwife-assisted spoken communication to have some benefits over the health condition of pregnant women during the barbarian delivery, some states in the U.S. including Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Wyoming do not legally allow the practice of midwife-assisted delivery not unless the midwife has been certified as Nurse Midwife (Mana).Approximately 50% to 80% of the childbirth today takes place indoors the hospital settings. (Wagner) Despite the fact that majority of childbirth is done within the clinical areas, the number of minor to life-threatening childbirth complications remains high not only in caesarean surgeries but also in normal spontaneous delivery. Aside from the fact that hospital births can cause a significant increase in the number of infant deaths, hospital births also contributes to the significant increase in the number of mothers who died due to maternal hemorrhage, shoulder dystocia, eclampsia, or infection. For this study, whether or not the benefits of midwife-assisted delivery outweigh the disadvantages will be thoroughly discussed.Approximately 87.3% of child delivery that has occurred in the hospitals was personally accompanied by the midwives (Declercq). Between the years 1975 to 1988, the number of total births that was attended by the midwives has increased from 0.9% up to 3.4% respectively (Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1988). Since the U.S. Department of Health has tried to minimize maternal and infant death rate rate, some states in the country prohibit l ay midwives to assist in child delivery curiously when assisting childbirth from home. Since then, the

Bureaucracy Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Bureaucracy Policy - Essay Exampleilization of anti-bureaucratic sentiments and the hold that it is time to say good-bye to bureaucracies and bureaucrats just another round in a perennial flip over and ideological endeavor over what desirable forms of administration and government be--that is, a contest for control of the size, agenda, system of rules, competences, clean foundations, staffing, resources, and outcomes of the world sector? If so, how helpful is the literature on bureaucracy in analyzing current administrative challenges, compared to the diagnoses and prescriptions presented by reformers over the last twenty-five years?The paper acknowledges that there have been important changes in national administration and, even more so, in the way administration is portrayed. Yet it questions the fashionable ideas that bureaucratic organization is obsolescent and that there has been a paradigmatic shift from (Weberian) bureaucracy to market organization or network organiza tion. (1) In contrast to decades of bureaucracy bashing, the paper argues that contemporary democracies are involved in a struggle over institutional identities and institutional balances. It also argues that for those interested in how contemporary public administration is organized, functions, and changes, it is worthy to reconsider and rediscover bureaucracy as an administrative form, an analytical concept, and a set of ideas and observations nigh public administration and formally organized institutions.The argument is developed in the following way First, some characteristics of bureaucratic organization are outlined. Second, claims about the undesirability of bureaucracy are discussed in relation to competing criteria of success/failure and assumptions about the performance of bureaucratic organization. Third, aspects of administrative dynamics and the viability of bureaucratic organization are inquired, and fourth, some reasons for rediscovering bureaucracy are recapitulate d.Bureaucracy is often used as a

Common Mallow and American Ginseng Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Common Mallow and American Ginseng - Essay ExampleAs the discussion stresses the bring is edible and can be eaten raw or cooked. In fact a decoction of the roots can actually be sued as an substitute for eggs when cooking meringue. In federation of tribes medicine, the mucilaginous nature of the plant was utilize for both internal and external cases of swelling and sores. It was also used to treat various kinds of inflammation and some skin infections including rashes.This paper decl bes that the plant is edible and its leaves and young stems are used in cooking and is used especially in salads owing to the mild taste and exalted nutritive value. The plant however, also has several medicinal properties. It is believed that the Cherokee Indians used the plants for treating sores. They would mix the flowers in oil and accommodate on the sores. The common mallow is most popularly known to help in treating respiratory disorders. The plant has mucose chemicals which help to form a l ayer on the mucosa of the respiratory tract. It may also be used for cough or hoarseness. Today, industries used the dried flowers of the plant to make over the counter music for cough relief. For household purposes, one can boil the roots and the flowers in milk before uptake to treat chest problems and common cough.The American ginseng is a commonly found herbaceous plant. It is a perennial plant and belongs to the ivy family of plants. Scientifically the American ginseng is known as Panaz quinquefolius. The leave of the plant grows in a circle around the stem and bears greenish, umbrella shaped flowers.

Applying qualitative research methodology to an educational problem Paper

Applying qualitative methodology to an educational problem - Research subject Exampleroach is most appropriate using structured and semi-structured interview templates, observational research scenarios, or a blend of survey assessments designed to examine subject responses.Are the contract habits of online versus traditional students unlike? This research question can be answered using the structured and semi-structured interview. First, an appropriate sample population must(prenominal) be determined base on researcher tools at his or her disposal and the feasibility of getting consistent results from students in the online environment. For this athletic field, using interactive media tools, online interviews can be conducted using chat technology and resembling social networking sites. Recruiting the population would involve achieving participation with the online college or university website to distribute a notice that interviews for academic study habits are available and to register for this event. This could achieve a potential sample population of 5 to 15 students, depending on willingness to participate in the online interview. Personal interviews with traditional, on-campus students could be conducted at any local college or university, with a recruitment sample of 5-15 students additionally who might be willing to be interviewed for this research study.The interviews will necessitate specific questions pertaining to study habits, to some(prenominal) the traditional and online students. Questions such as Do you prefer to study wholly or in groups? and similar templates will spotlight behavioral responses regarding the performance of studying. These would be determined based on the available secondary literature on the subject and the professional/expert theories regarding previously-examined study behaviors of both groups. This secondary research could potentially create a template of potential interview questions which remove issues of rese archer bias or other situations which may impact validity.The interview format is most appropriate for this study because it allows the

Nursing Theory - Transcultural Nursing Assignment

breast feeding Theory - Transcultural breast feeding - Assignment ExampleThe research presents that it is more of a pop get word of nurse without the hard-nosed natural covering, the periscope involve. Nursing practice is the fine tuning of all that has been studied and theorized into a microscopical legal opinion and applied to the reality of patient care. All three aspects of nursing are equally all-important(prenominal) and must continually be refined and researched to provide best practices for all patients everywhere.As the essay stresses in that location are three basic approaches to nursing theory which each describe the scope of nursing theory. Nursing knowledge is very similar to looking through a telescope there are galore(postnominal) conceptual theories which provide insight, however lack the empirical testing to prove them. Nursing as a discipline is considered a mid-range theory in that it somewhat bridges the gap between the grand theories and the echt nursin g practice much as looking through a periscope would provide a view for the world around us. Nursing as a professional practice gives the most in-depth view of all, providing operable solutions and information to help direct nursing interventions and outcomes, much like looking through a microscope. at that place are four basic paradigms that comprise a nursing theory the person, the environment, the health, and the nursing. Each of these has associated with it various concepts, assumptions, and definitions. The view through the telescope takes the big picture, the Grand theory, and researches the concepts and constructs. This produces a proposition that connects the theory to knowledge gained, providing a surface view of the potential for nursing application. This proposition leads to a conceptual model which further defines and refines the practical application of this theory to give a microscopic view of the theory in action. (Current Nursing, 2011) The entire concept of nursin g theory works as a circular phenomenon. Grand theories are postulated to improve nursing practice. It is for this conclude that nursing research is ongoing to provide the knowledge and insight to help direct practice and movement outcomes. They predict and explain information that is crucial to outcomes that maximize potential for quality nursing care and price effectiveness. They also help assess and improved practice by providing criteria for measuring outcomes and principles for nursing practice. This research yields information, conclusions and recommendations for practical nursing applications. (Life Nurses, 2009) Nursing knowledge is the bridge between the theory and practical applications of nursing. It is an area of common body politic that helps give definition to the profession as distinguishing it from other professions. It provides the answer to why nurses perform certain actions, as well as how they do them. It allows nurses to question practices and redefine care to act based on criteria and rationale that have a sound base in nursing research. Nursing knowledge gives nurses

Memo on Immigration paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

memo on Immigration paper - Assignment Example2. The inflated costs of travel is not fair a national issue, it is a global issue. The costs of increased security at our borders is only matchless of the costs. The war overseas, oil prices and the worlds economic market all affect costs. Most countries be in the throes of a deep recession. Planning ahead is one way of controlling costs.3. The term native land Security is a broad term for what our national security is comprised of nationally. We already have several agencies at the State, Federal and local levels assisting us with our immigration issues. The Office of the Secretary is over Homeland Security.4. Anyone that wishes to enter the unify States will continue to be thoroughly screened, have background checks and their activity flagged. As far as costs, as the level of criminals and terrorists entering our borders decrease, so too will out costs. As with anything else over a long period we will see an

Article Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Analysis - Article ExampleTo argue this point Hardin develops the thesis of the cataclysm of the commons as being borne out of a system that treats the public domain as something that is self-correcting to stasis, and that valet works in accordance with what seems to be selfish interests but are in fact actions that in the end work toward the good of all. The tragedy of the commons is the idea that society and people seem blindsided by an appeal to the commons as something that is to be had by all, even when the commons that is referred to here, whether food, or land, or the efficiency of the environment to take in pollution and waste, are finite things. Hardin essentially says that in fact the exclusive cannot be trusted to work for the common good, and that society, hardwired as it is to treat the commons as something that is unlimited in supply, is in effect perpetually in a course to deplete the commons and to wreak mayhem on the very same things that sustain it. Hardin esse ntially says that in a world of exploding populations there is less(prenominal) and less room for the notion of the commons as something that can be exploited and used without ascendance or conditions. This outdated notion worked when the populations were low and the actions of men individually and collectively had little effect on the quality and availability of those common things, in the same way that adding a pinch of common salt to a glass of water would not alter the taste of the water substantially, but adding more and more salt would eventually change the character of the water and its taste fundamentally. This is the same with the commons and the way the commons has been conceived and mistreat by society. This old notion of the inexhaustible nature of the commons must go, according to Hardin. Already he says, there have been curbs set in place with regard to the land and the tilling and grazing of the land in the disposal of

Foundations in English Literary Studies Assignment 1 Essay Example for Free

Foundations in English Literary Studies Assignment 1 EssayOzymandias was a powerful king, who ruled with an iron fist. Lines 4 and 5, Half sunk, a shattered physiognomy lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command shows that Ozymandias ruled with contempt, dominance and conceit. He was a very unhappy man, not forthcoming or humble in any way, as a true king should be. He was however, filled with pride and arrogance. Lines 10 and 11, My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings Look on my works, ye mighty, and discouragement depicts his pride and vanity. The manner in which these lines are written, in the first voice, as if Ozymandias himself is telling us of his importance, one last time. In these 2 lines, he is boasting about all his accomplishments, wealth and successes, which accompanied being a king. These lines show that he believed that he was the greatest, and none superior to him.Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frownAnd wrinkled lip and sneer of col d commandTell that its sculptor rise up those passions readWhich yet survive, stamped on these lifeless thingsThe sculptor clearly showed Ozymandias personality and passions on his statue. Even though Ozymandias thought his would rule forever, everything becomes lifeless with time. And the manner in which he ruled was clearly shown on his fractional decayed and dismantled statue. Human ambition will only take you that far, its what you leave commode that truly matters. The countersigns passions and lifeless are placed close together, because your passions and desires are supposed to keep you live and happy, yet Ozymandias passions of despair survived on a lifeless statue.The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed. From what I move tell, the sculptor disapproved of the kings way of ruling and ridiculed him, but yet he had to create him in stone to be remembered by all. The irony concerning lines 10 and 11 is that Ozymandias will not be remembered as agreat leader and king . What he believed himself to be will not be engraved in his followers, on the contrary, they would probably want him forgotten and his statue left in ruins. A statue is usually a repository erected in honour of a great leader of merit, but Ozymandias was a monument of fear and oppression.The poet is displaying a picture of dry and barren field in the desert. A half sunken body or head decapitated from its legs lying in the sand. There is nothing around these dismantled pieces, nothing for miles. The word antique to me, suggests old, ancient and maybe dilapidated. The poet also uses many words that evidently illustrate brokenness and deterioration identical trunkless legs, shattered visage, frown, wrinkled lip, cold command, survive, lifeless things, despair, nothing beside remains, decay, colossal wreck, boundless and bare and alone(predicate). Lines 12, 13 and 14 portray the degeneration and despair clearly. Nothing beside remains, round the decayOf the colossal wreck, boundless and bareThe lone and level litoral stretch far awayboundless and bare, lone and level and sands stretch Using alliteration in these lines creates and increases the effect of what the poet is saying. It also adds emphasis on the description of the land and on what remains of the mighty Ozymandias. It allows a clear picture and the irony of the end of Ozymandias legacy.

The Territorial Dispute over Dokdo Essay Example for Free

The territorial reserve bitterness over Dokdo EssayDokdo is also recognize as the Liancourt Rocks. It consists of both tiny rocky islets, which ar encircled by 33 sm exclusivelyer rocks. The Dokdo islets are situated around 215 kilometers off the eastern border of Korea. The two Islets that make up Dokdo are known as Suhdo and Dongdo. The estimated entire surface area covered by Dokdo is 0. 186 square kilometers. Both rocks that make Dokdo, actually are the remains of a prehistoric volcanic bellow and are a asylum for Petrels and black-tailed gulls and more than a few partially prevalent plants. The Liancourt Rocks is known as Tokto in Korea and it is known as Takeshima in lacquer. Sovereignty over the isles is contested between Japan and reciprocal ohm Korea. South Korea has commanded Dokdo since July 1954. Both the Korean and Nipponese names have altered from time to time. Both of the countries advance an extensive historical and geographical connection with the isles. With this contract, the question that emerges is that why it is so important that both the countries are fighting for the small islets.The name given to the Dokdo, i. e. Liancourt Rocks has come from the French whaling ship Liancourt, which represented the islets in 1849. The precept behind this fighting is that both the countries have several concerns regarding the Dokdos surrounding waters and seabed including areas that whitethorn embrace some 600 million tons of natural gas. This gas hydrate can become the future(a) periods energy origin. In addition, seafood is also the imperative resource for both the countries. The Korean Nipponese ClaimsKoreans claim that Dokdo is an constitutional dominion of Korea as it has been a part of Korean territory since 512 A. D. The first Japanese had written a record on Dokdo and the Records on observations in Onshu have been published in 1667, which consent the fact that Koreans have right over Dokdo. The Japanese declare that they had he ld Dokdo in the Japanese Empire in 1905. This act of Japanese was opposed by Koreans as they said that Japanese are taking vantage of Koreas political weakness vis-a-vis.Koreans rightfully argue for the Dokdo as at the time when Japan declared that they were containing Dokdo into their empire, Korea was not able to effectively protest the Japanese action because Japan had previously taken charge of the impertinent matters of Korea by means of the Protectorate Treaty of 1905, which is also known as the Eulsa Treaty or the bet on Japan-Korea Agreement. The confirmation of the pact itself had been impelled on Korea by the Japanese commission, which shows that Japanese were wrong in their claim to Dokdo.All the history of Dokdo and both the countries claims represents the Korean side and also points out that the Japanese did not communicate the Korean Government of their claim until 1906. In 1906, Korean officials at both confined and nationwide levels recognized the facts and docum ented the Japanese action as an encroachment of Korean sovereignty. On the other hand, due to the waiver of their nations freedom and foreign matters potentiality, no action was taken by them. In 1947, the Japanese Foreign Ministry mentioned the U. S. occupation authorities regarding Japans assert to reign over both Ullung and Dokdo Island.Since then, passim the peace treaty negotiations, Japan desired to decide U. S. notion pertaining to the island. The Japanese ministers refused Koreas ownership on the bases that there was no existence of the Korean name on the island, which is quite wrong. Japanese also seek to regain the Dokdo during the negotiations of the peace treaty, but they were failed. Dokdos sovereignty was not decided by the peace treaty due to the weaknesses of the president of the Republic of Korea, who did not efficiently concentrated his governments attending on the ownership of Dokdo over Koreas territorial pertains.Government of Korea never daunted to allow fo r a profound study of the Korean historical record on Dokdo and due to this, it had faced an unresolved dispute from Japanese, whereas Japanese had undertaken an extensive study on the history of the island to which Japan had used as the basis for its claim regarding its sovereignty over Dokdo. Due to all these weaknesses of Korea, they are not able to prove records in their favor, but all these things do not matter as the truth is this that the Dokdo ownership truly lies in the hands of Koreans. References Dokdo History. (2007).Retrieved litigate 27, 2009, from http//english. dokdohistory. com/dokdo-history/dokdo-administrative-district. html Dokdo or Takeshima. (2009, February). Retrieved swear out 27, 2009, from http//www. boston. com/bigpicture/2009/02/dokdo_or_takeshima. html The Territorial hostility over Dokdo. (2008). Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www. junanworld. pe. kr/595 Lovmo, M. S. The Territorial Dispute over Dokdo. Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www. geocities. com/mlovmo/page4. htmlA Brief Background of Dokdo Takeshima Island. Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www. dokdo-takeshima.com/ Dokdo The Territorial Dispute between Japan and South Korea. Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www. pages. drexel. edu/tm76/politics. doc Dokdo easternmost Sea. (2009). Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www. korea. net/issues/issue_dokdo_eastsea. asp? from=dokdo_eastsea The farthest East of the Korean Territory. (2004). Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www. dokdocorea. com/ The History of Dokdo. (2007). Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www. dokdocorea. com/report/history_dokdo. pdf Dokdo in the East Sea of Korea. (2005).Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www.indymedia. org. uk/en/regions/london/2005/03/307419. html Disputes over Ullungdo and Tokdo at the End of the 17th Century. Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//www2. gol. com/users/hsmr/Content/East%20Asia/Korea/Dokto_Island/History/Shin_Yong-ha_3. html Japans Unfounde d Territorial Claims about Dokdo Dispute. (2007). Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//english. dokdohistory. com/dokdo-history/dokdo-dispute. html Weinstein, M. (2006, May). South Korea-Japan Dokdo/Takeshima Dispute Toward Confrontation. Japan Focus. Retrieved March 27, 2009, from http//japanfocus.

Communicate in a business environment Essay Example for Free

get in a business environment Essay3.1 Describe ways of verbally geting information and ideas distinctly 3.2 relieve ways of making contributions to discussion that help to move them forward3.3 Describe methods of active comprehend3.4 beg off the purpose of summarising verbal communications4.1 Describe ways of getting feedback on communications4.2 excuse the purpose of using feedback to begin communication skills Describe ways of verbally presenting information and ideas clearly to present each information or ideas I need clearly I practically use fair language and short sentences this makes it easier for everybody to understand. Also I present the information is a variety of ways as some people understand things and concepts in different ways. For example some people understand by hearing or seeing. Before I present any information or ideas I evermore plan out what I want to say, I often also take out any information that is not necessary. I also use active and perso nal language like you and we.Explain ways of making contributions to discussion that help to move them forward To make conversation move forward, I often date to listen to people and give importance for everybodys ideas. This way I tummy make positive contributions that kindle lead to further discussion. I also often do not make a contribution to a subject who isnt positive or may not affect me or my sprain. Describe methods of active listeningIn order to perform within LSG and to develop my skills listening is one the most important skills I should obtain. As it will portray the quality of my kin with my team and clients. Listening is important as I need to often obtain information from some others to learn new things. Methods of active listening includeListening calmly without interrupting, so that I let the other person speak and show them that I care and respect them Asking others to repeat if I do not understand anything, in order to avoid mistakes Taking notes of importa nt points, so that I do not forget or miss out on any important points Confirming what I have understood, so that there is no misunderstanding of informationExplain the purpose of summarising verbal communicationsThe purpose of summarising verbal communication is to identify major points, behaviours, thoughts and feelings that have been discussed. I then often collate all the information I have collected. By doing this is helps to have a clear precise precis of all communications. Describe ways of getting feedback on communicationsI believe that feedback completes the entire deal of communication. Feedback helps us to decide if the communication was effects and useful. I often get feedback from my line manager Scott or I often get it from clients on the phone. If any feedback given is to improve on anything I often make note of the feedback and make a working progress for myself to include the suggestion in my work. Explain the purpose of using feedback to develop communication sk ills I use feedback for improve my work performance. It helps improve my work ethnic, team work and quality of my work. To help develop communication skills the feedback has to be received and acted upon. Once I have acted upon feedback I always let my line manager Scott know so that he can see I am willing to learn and enthusiastic and this may encourage people to passing play me feedback in the future.

Bonnie Lyons Essay Example for Free

Bonnie Lyons EssayThe critic, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, considers The Handmaids Tale to be far more than a political tract deploring nuclear energy, environmental waste and antifeminist attitudes. Which features of Atwoods novel do you believe have contributed to its readability and secured its reputation as a piece of classic modern fiction?In the novel, The Handmaids Tale, it is my opinion that the head word aspect of Atwoods writing style is the depth and intensity with which she approaches her subject matter she consistently shows that she has researched her material and is fitting to show relatively potential alternate futures at the time of the early 80s it is not inconceivable to infer certain turns of events happening as they did in the narrative. In the 1980s, the political climate globally seemed to be turn of events toward economic restraint and conservatism.In general, this shift was a response to the liberalism and unchecked social spending that occurred in t he 1970s, which were in turn the extended results of the freedoms won by the worldwide social revolutions of the 1960s. This conservative trend appeargond in different forms in different countries. In Margaret Atwoods home country of Canada, Pierre Trudeau, the Liberal Party draw resigned in 1984, and the voters replaced him with Progressive Conservative Brian Mulroney. Margaret Thatcher, who was elected Prime Minister of England in 1979, reversed decades of socialism by selling government-run industries to private owners.In the United States, the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan created such a turbulent reversal of old social policy that the deepens sweeping through the government during the first half of the decade came to be referred to as the Reagan Revolution. The extreme shift toward conservatism in the United States at that time is significant to the social change that created the Republic of Gilead in Atwoods imagination. After the novel was published, she told an American interviewer that she had tried originally to set the novel in Canada, but that it just would not fit the Canadian culture.Its not a Canadian sort of social occasion to do, she told Bonnie Lyons in 1987. Canadians might do it after the United States did it, in some sort of watered-down version. Our tv set evangelists are paltrier than yours. The States are more extreme in everything. The Republic of Gilead is characterised as a dystopia a dystopia is either friendship considered to be undesirable, for any of a number of reasons. The term was coined as a converse to a utopia, and is most usually used to refer to a fictional society where current social trends are taken to nightmarish extremes.One of The Handmaids Tales successful aspects concerns the skilful portrayal of a state that in scheme claims to be founded on Christian principles, yet in practice miserably lacks spirituality and benevolence. The state in Gilead prescribes a pattern of life based on abstinence, conformit y, censorship, corruption, fear, and terror-in short, the usual terms of existence enforced by totalitarian states, instance of which can be found in such dystopian works as Orwells 1984.The novels thematics operate by speculating upon conflicting extremes a decadent present, which Aunt Lydia cynically describes as a society dying of too much choice, and a totalitarian future that prohibits choice. Naturally, while rejecting the indulgent decadence and pandemonium of an anarchic society, the reader condemns the Gilead regime for its intolerant, prescriptive set of values that projects a tunnel vision on reality and eliminates human free will. There is more than one kind of freedom, said Aunt Lydia. freedom to and freedom from. In the days of anarchy, it was freedom to. Now you are being given freedom from. Dont derogate from it.

Pros and Cons of Social Network Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of Social Network EssayAccording to Tynan (2005, p. 72), 70% of online drug exploiters ar concerned about their online retirement. Many drug users of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter complain about how these sites do not have the appropriate settings to prevent online threats such as individuality theft and the invasion of privacy. They believe that it is the responsibility of social networking sites to safeguard users privacy. However, users a lot forget how willing they be when it comes to uncovering intimate detail and teaching of their lives on these sites. This willingness to give out their personal nurture invites the online privacy troubles that users often complain about. With altogether these schooling exposed to hackers, identity thieves be given a green light to tap into users selective informationbase when users dissolve to happen upon their information online. Thus, we slew say that the users of social networking sites atomic number 18 the biggest threat to their take online privacy and cases of identity thefts. There are three main reasons why passel choose to reveal their personal information on social networking sites.Firstly, stack use social networking sites to connect, and to do so, they have to reveal personal information about themselves. As Andrews, L. (2011, p. 2) has said, Social networking has enormous benefits, helping us stay in touch with people from our pasts and introducing us to people who share our interests. These information includes their name, age, city they are staying in, company or school they exit to and etc. The information they provide will help long-lost friends connect with them, help them make new friends with viridity interests and perhaps even help them find a love interest.Another reason why people choose to reveal information about themselves is to create identity. This identity is like the information sheet of how the user is like. Users office ev en want to post their every thought and actions even places they have been to, it becomes a dismantle of their life to log on to social networking sites and post their current status (Andrews, 2011). Writing about the groups and activities a person is involved in for pillowcase, tells friends and people around him what are his interests and helps people to understand him better. Lastly, people reveal personal information to gain access to certain websites.These include gaming sites and articles provided by social networking websites, and they often request for the users personal information. Users might find it worth it to reveal their information in order to enjoy the entertainment provided by these sites. Thus, they might decide that since their information will be unploughed confidential, it is safe to provide their personal details without a second thought. It is undersas welld that people choose to reveal their personal information online in exchange for the benefits of usin g social networking sites. However, they might want to think twice after hearing what dangers they are putting themselves in.Users should be aware of how they are putting their Internet privacy at risk when they reveal personal information about themselves there are three major threats that users should be wary of. First of every(prenominal)(a), there is there is the threat of cyber browbeating. Cyber bullying is a serious chore among teenagers and it might cause mental illnesses such as depression to the dupe. It can happen when a bully gets hold of the content a user posted on the Internet. Unlike normal bullying, where the victim can escape home to safety, the victim can get bullied even at home as it happens on the Internet.The bully can even get hold of the victims home orchestrate or phone number if the victim had posted it online. One of the most famous cases of online bullying is the Star Wars boor, Ghyslain Raza, whose homemade video of him fighting with a pretend li ght sabre was leaked and had more than 15 billion downloads. He had been so affected that he was admitted into a child psychiatric ward (Johnson, 2004). We can bewitch from this case study how self-aggrandisingly cyber bullying can affect a victim, and this started from a post that the victim had not expected would be leaked.All of these threats occur because people choose to post their details on the social networking sites. While social networking sites are growing, more people are online than ever before and this includes the bad guys on the net (Viega, 2009). Thus, we have to be even more careful about the threats that we might mettle online. Other than that, users should also take care identity theft. Identity theft is the use of one persons personal information to commit fraud or other crimes (Columbia University Press, n. d. ).This can happen to users who reveal too much information on the Internet for an identity thief to pose as him or her. As Waldrop, B. (2011) has sa id, A case of identity theft can be as serious as having your perfect bank account to be wiped out. This can be a very serious threat and users should beware of it. Finally, there is the lack of privacy online. The thing about social networking websites is that it has the wantonest data link and was even rated by The Cocoon Blog as the second biggest online privacy threat in 2011.With a weak data link, it is easy for even non-users of social networking sites to hack into a users database and gain access to what the user has posted. In fact, Mark Zukerberg, the founder of Facebook himself had hacked into the email accounts of two Harvard Crimson reporters using data obtained from TheFacebook. coms logs (Carlson, 2010). This shows how information is advantageously accessed on social networking sites. People often believe that it is the responsibility of social networking websites to safeguard its users privacy.However, here are some of the reasons why users have a major role to pl ay in protecting their own online privacy. Firstly, social networking sites can only protect their users to a limited extent. Social networking sites have really weak data links and they have too many users to be able to take care of all of them. Facebook for example, would be the third largest nation in the world if it were a country (Andrews, 2011, p. 1). We can think Facebook as the government and its privacy settings as the law. In a real country, there would be people suspension rules despite knowing the laws.A weak data link is like Facebooks version of a weak police force, being unable to prevent data from being stolen. Hence, users cannot choose to rely solo on social networking sites to protect their privacy. Secondly, it is the users responsibility to provide his or her loved ones. some of a users information such as home number or address is shared with his or her non-user family members. Thus, revealing information as such might bring harm to the family. An example wo uld be if a burglar decides to break in to a users house, whose address he found on the Internet.If a social networking site user had revealed his address and phone number online, all the burglar has to do is to type in phone number or address in Google reckon and it will direct him to the users home (Tynan, 2005). Finally, it is important that users are aware of what harm information they post can bring. This is so as the information that had been posted cannot be taken back. Even if the user had used the best services to get all of his data removed, the information can be reinstalled at heart a short period of time (Andrews, 2011).Hence, users are considered the biggest threat to their own online privacy as they are the ones who have a final say on what information they choose to post on the Internet. As mentioned in Cocoons 2011 List of the Top 10 Internet Privacy threats, the weakest link in the privacy chain could be the users themselves. Everything that Internet users do onl ine leaves a digital footprint from search locomotive tastes to browsing patterns and social interactions. Therefore, users should be responsible for what they choose to do on the Internet, as they will never know who is watching and what online privacy threats awaits them.While enjoying the benefits that social networking websites provide them with, they should also be aware of the threats they are facing and learn to protect their own privacy. I strongly believe that the best way to do so is for users to limit the amount of intimate information they reveal online. Privacy settings on social networking sites might help but only to a certain extent and it is better to be safe so sorry. All in all, users should understand that while they are limiting the amount the intimate information of themselves online, they are also protecting themselves from their greatest Internet privacy enemy- themselves.

Arendt-Theory of Totalitarianism Essay Example for Free

Ar fetch upt-Theory of totalitarianism EssayHannah Arendt is widely regarded as one of the most important, unique and influential thinkers of semipolitical school of thought in the Twentieth century. Arendt was greatly influenced by her handstor and one time l all over, Martin Heidegger, whose phenomeno logical method would help to greatly shape and frame Arendts witness thinking. Like Heidegger, Arendt was sceptical of the metaphysical tradition which tended towards abstract beliefual reasoning ultimately at betting odds with the reality of hu mankind race lived experience.Consequently, Arendt was highly dubious of being referred to as a philosopher, as she felt philosophy was, by its own essence, confined to the proverbial ivory tower. She believed political feeling was at the apex of valet de chambre experience and so she identified as a political thinker/actor. Her emphasis on the phenomenological temperament of the lived political experience permeates her lifes wo rks and perhaps can be said to ready her own distinct brand of political philosophy.Arendts early openation, Ideology dismay A in allegory Form of Government, is a darksome elucidation of the nature of the theretofore unprecedented (she argues) phenomenon of Totalitarianism and its origins elements and functioning A Novel Form of Government Arendt posited that the totalitarian bounces of government activity and domination (Arendt. 03) which characterised the Nationalist Socialist party in Germany and Stalins oppressive regime in Soviet Russia, which saw systematic genocide and panic visited upon literally millions of innocent people, were unprecedented in the account statement of political systems, and were not mere modern manifestations of ancient forms of uncivilised government such(prenominal) as despotism or tyranny. She went further even, to suggest that totalitarian systems had destroyed the actually foundations upon which traditional motifs and presuppositions of government rested.Although totalitarianism seemed to contain elements of tyrannical or despotic forms of government i. e. nemesis, violence, absolute originator etc Arendt contended that totalitarian regimes differed in important ways which rendered them qualitatively distinct. Tyranny and dictatorships, she argues be marked by lordly power, unrestricted by law, yielded in the interest of the normalr and hostile to the interests of the governed, on one hand, fear as the principle of action, namely fear of the people by the ruler and fear of the ruler by the eople (Arendt. 306) menace, check to Arendt, has traditionally been used as a means to an end, or tool for tyrannical regimes, namely the end of maintaining and sustaining a position of power over its drug-addicteds. Totalitarian systems however, do not function in this way, ideologically at least, According to Arendt. total terror leaves no arbitrary lawlessness behind it and does not storm for the sake of some arb itrary will or for the sake of despotic power of one man against all. (Arendt. 311) Context and ContentIn order to understand the nature (if there is one) of Totalitarianism forms of government, it is important branch to understand both their historical contexts and the Ideologies which underpin them, as Totalitarian regimes, are by their nature ideological, as Arendt shows. Take for example National Socialism, the political political orientation which took root in Germany during the 1930s, characterised by militant patriotism and overtly inherent racism. The context in which the Nazi party rose to prominence was the extreme devastation, debt and resulting pauperism and hunger left in Germany in the wake of the First World War.It can indeed be argued that Adolph Hitlers demagoguery and flair for rousing public sympathy with his intense speeches, was also crucial to the general proliferation, acceptance and support for Nazi ideology, at a time when people yearned for a clear r adical to their p elucidate and poverty. Hitlers bellicose rhetoric displayed a typical trait of ideologies a final solution, the idea that the answer to all of lifes problems can be understood and solved by pursuit a contingent stringent course of action determined by a single lucid worldview. Ideologies-isms, which to the satisfaction of their adherents can explain everything and every occurrence by deducing it from a single premise (Arendt. 315) Nazi Ideology had at its core, a politically and indeed racially motivated perversion of the Darwinian concept of a natural hierarchy of species, in which the stronger/more successful species would inevitably replace the weaker ones.Darwins profound insight into the ways in which organisms evolve was warped and misrepresented by the Nazis, who filtered it through their racist and patriot worldview, justifying the extermination of Jews and other supposed degenerate races by claiming they were meeting and indeed implementing a Law of spirit. In Darwin, Arendt explains, the Nazi party had found what they saw as an unbending Natural Law, the very source from which commanding (manmade) laws had been traditionally derived. far from being lawless, it goes to the sources of authority from which peremptory laws received their ultimate legitimation (Arendt. 307) Arendt argues that this Law of Nature was taken to be a supra benevolent edict which was used justify their campaign of terror and genocide, and furthermore bear any positive laws which were counter-productive to their cause. Nature itself mandated the extermination of lesser degenerate races concord to Nazi ideology. And so the carrying produce out and indeed hastening of the process of this Natural decree was the end which the Totalitarian regimes sough to effect.In fact, Totalitarian ideology sought for the actual societal frame of these supposed Laws of history and nature, and asserted that by the strict nidation and of these laws, a utopia on Earth w ould be realised. the Law of Nature or the law of level, if properly executed, is anticipate to produce mankind as its end product (Arendt. 307) Arendt is highly critical of this thinking which she describes as particular to Totalitarian government. One of the most obvious critiques which she makes is the fire disregard in this line of thinking for canonical anthropological concerns i. e. ow military personnels actually tend to behave and function.It applies the law directly to mankind without bothering with the behaviour of men Totalitarian policy claims to transform the human species into an active unfailing carrier of a law to which human beings otherwise would only passively and reluctantly be subjected (Arendt. 307) Terror as the essence of Totalitarian rule Built into the notion of executing the Laws of nature and history is an inherent eschewing of the legitimacy, importance and even relevance of manmade or positive laws, which are intended to govern and ease the function ing of societies in which people participate.The denial of positive laws and their replacement with the bringing into effect, a Law of Nature or indeed a Law of History as per Totalitarian ideology, is, Arendt argues largely what separates Totalitarian regimes from despotism and tyranny. Because they drew their justification from the very source of all positive laws i. e. Natural law, Totalitarian regimes were able to substantiate this denial of the legitimacy of positive laws by claiming that in aiming to produce the finished rule of Natural Law on earth, that mankind itself would become the very embodiment of the law (Arendt. 08) By claiming to actualise and bring into effect fundamental laws which determine the inevitable course of history by establishing the perfect rule of Natural law on earth through use of terror, Totalitarian regimes subvert at the same time traditional notions of government and also notions of the utility of terror.Terror was no longer merely an arbitrary tool of oppression, (although it was of course the methodology with which the terrible ideology of Totalitarianism was realised) Terror was itself the embodied form which submission to the supposed Law of Nature took, or as Arendt puts it Terror as the execution of a law of movement Arendt. 311) Terror was in fact now the end finish itself as such Terror is indeed Totalitarianisms essence. Arendt uses a good analogy to ornament this point. the absence of crimes in any society does not render laws superfluous but, on the contrary, signifies their most perfect rule-so terror in totalitarian government has ceased to be a mere means for the suppression of opposition, though it is also used for such purposes. Terror becomes total when it becomes in awaitent of all opposition it rules supreme when null any longer stands in its way.If lawfulness is the essence of non-tyrannical government and lawlessness is the essence of tyranny, then terror is the essence totalitarian domination Dange rous Ideology What made Nazism and Stalinism so dangerous, according to Arendt, were not merely the ideas which characterised their respective ideologies i. e. racism and dialectical materialism, but the logic which one could arguably follow from these types of thinking. If Ideologies are the logic of ideas, (which they are ) then it is the seemingly logical implications of these ideas, which made them dangerous.To put it simply, if one concludes that there are suprahuman forces which determine the very course of history, as espoused by Nazism and Stalinism, then one must(prenominal) be bound to follow the logical steps which lead from this idea. Whoever agreed that there are such things as dying classes and did not draw the consequence of killing their members, or that the right to live had something to do with race and did not draw the consequence of killing unfit races, was plainly either stupid or a coward. (Arendt. 318)The dangers of commitment to the logic of ideas bviously a re determined by the extremity of the ideas themselves, however as Arendt right points out, it is this ice cold reasoning which both Hitler and Stalin were very fond of which gave their ideologies a trajectory of power and an pseudo-scientific feigning which legitimated them. Rather than a principle of action aimed at some common good or societal benefit such as the prevention of crime, this logicality of ideological thinking (Arendt. 321) is what makes Totalitarian government tick. Isolation, The Phenomenology of Terror As we have seen, terror is the essence of Totalitarianism.But it is important to realise exactly what this means for the experiencing subject of Totalitarian rule. Terror, Arendt explains, destroys the force to engage in any public life. Isolation is the most salient blow of terror. Terror wrought closing off has been used throughout the centuries by tyrannical rulers to inhibit political place and thus destroy the possibility of revolt terror can rule absolute ly only over men who are isolated against each(prenominal) other and that, therefore, one of the primary concerns of all tyrannical government is to bring isolation aboutIsolation and impotence, that is the fundamental inability to act at all, have ceaselessly been characteristic of tyrannies. (Arendt. 321-322) The final way in which Totalitarian governments differ from those regimes of tyranny, which have also employed terror as a tactic, is for Arendt, the destruction by terror of the private sphere of human life. Total terror, as it were, is not content with merely destroying the public life of people and their ability to interact. Total terror permeates the sagaciousness and destroys the faculties of creativity and mental autonomy.Totalitarianism seeks to destroy the entire ability for people to create something new and bring it into the world. While it obviously needs to destroy the ability of political life, it also enforces utter personal isolation (loneliness) on the min d of the individual, so that he or she has no outlet vent and indeed no ability to form ideas of their own. In isolation, man remains in contact with the world as the human artifice only when the most elementary forms of human creativity, which is the capacity to add something of ones own to the common world, are destroyed, isolation becomes altogether unbearableTotalitarian government, like all tyrannies, certainly could not exist without destroying the public realm of life, that is, without destroying, by isolating men, their political capacities but totalitarian domination as a form of government is new in that it is not content with this isolation and destroys private life as well. It bases itself on loneliness, on the experience of not belonging to the world at all, which is among the most radical and desperate experiences of man. (Arendt. 24) The phenomenological and anthropological implications of this total terror are for Arendt the complete breakdown of the human actor.She argues that humans are essentially accessible beings who need social interaction to function and live as we are hardwired to do so our complete sense of who we are and what our world means ultimately derives from our experience of interacting with others. For the confirmation of my identity I depend entirely upon other people (Arendt. 324)In conclusion I think it may be discreet to summarise the central elucidations which Arendt makes in Ideology and Terror. . Totalitarian governments were unprecedented governmental forms before the early twentieth century. 2. Totalitarian governments are ideological in nature and functioning, and derive their justifications from suprahuman Laws of Nature and History and implement the logic of these ideas through use of terror. 3. Terror is the primary tool and also the essence of Totalitarian governments, i. e. Total terror becomes the actual embodied form of the Laws of History and nature made manifest 4.Totalitarian governments destroy the abi lity to act politically as all tyrannies do, but also they destroy the realm of private life as well, rendering human existence a miserable one in attempting to make each person the actual embodiment of Natural and Historical Laws Arendts masterful work has shed light on one of the darkest periods in human history and it also lends insight into the nature of government, society and the human subject more broadly speaking. She remains a seminal figure in the discipline of political philosophy and continues to inspire thought and debate to this day.

Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior Essay Example for Free

Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior raiseWhy Chinese Mothers Are Superior, is an expression written by the 48-year-old lawyer and mother Amy Chua. The bind is produce in The Wall Street Journal on January 8th in 2011. In the article Amy Chua focuses on how the occidental pargonnts up bring their squirtren versus how the Chinese lifts up bring their children. The receivers of the article are the horse opera parents because she wants them to lean from the Chinese parents. Though the whole article Amy is subjective but because of her education she also seems reliable. By using the appeal form logos she refers to studies that compares the Chinese children and the western childrens academic skills, where the contribute is that its the Chinese children who are the wisest. The Chinese parents fell ten meters more on academic activities with their children than the western parents.A fact which Amy does not mention in the article is that the Chinese children arent free to spend m uch time with their friends and that can affect them negatively. Through the whole article Amy argues for that the way Chinese parents up bring their children is better than the western parents therefor the title which also arouses much attention because the article was published in a newspaper which is simply published in Western countries. The main statement is that the Chinese parents demand a lot more of their children when it comes to logical skills. For example Amy Chua says Chinese parents demand perfect grades because they see that their child can get them.1 followed by another statement By contrast, I dont think most Westerners have the same view of children being permanently indented to their parents.2 Indirectly Amy Chua says that the western parents are over-fond. Amy means that the western parents do not believe in their children. She emphasizes that the western parents should use more penalty and in general there should be more discipline.According the Chinese pare nts is the second best equitable not good enough. For example Amy Chua says If a Chinese child gets a B which would never happen3 which shows that only straight as is good enough and everyaffair under A would be a disaster. The Chinese parents reaction is a complete contrast to how the western people would react. The western parents would support their children even though they get very low grades. Seen from Amy Chuas perspective are the western children lazy and not good enough. Its like Amy thinks that she and the rest of the Chinese parents have found the perfect formula to up bring children.A very important value for the western parents is that their children also must spend time with their friends and have fun. Amy points out that nothing is fun until youre good at it. But if the child does not like to play the certain instrument and wants to join a football team or something seeming that would neither be okay because it is the parents who decide what fun is for the child. I f Amy Chuas children had been asked Amy already had made the decision for them. The Chinese children does not have the same kind of freedom as any other child because their tiger mothers already have set straight lines for their life. The children are not allowed to take care of their feature lives. The hearty qualities are being sat lowest on the list of set.The social qualities should in a redbrick society be more important than being good at playing the piano. In umteen ways it can seem right that logical skills are important now and in the time to come but if Amy and the rest of the Chinese parents do not accept their childrens individuality something is completely wrong. Its kind of like that the Chinese children only keep improve their skills because they wants to make their parents happy which put a stop to their own happiness and goals in life.Amy Chua tries to understand the western way of upbringing but done the whole article she is pro the so-called tiger mother te chnique. Amy wants the western parents to learn something from the Chinese parents because then we could have a lot more genius people based on the result in Asia. Amy is so focused on good results and success that she forgets the social values and happiness she overlooks her own mistakes. Her children have might never been to a birthday party after school or in the cinema with their friends they have not experienced the social spirit which lead to loss of social values like friendship, love and free choices.There are a lot of ways and hundreds of different methods to up bring children and none of them are better than other because its a very individual thing from family to family. Some people would perhaps find Amy Chuas formula interesting and some would say that it is a disaster. Medias, friends, family, magazines or whatever influences on how a certain mother and father decides to up bring their child/children and there will always be mistakes for example the western children are too lazy and Chinese children have lack of social skills but that does not make one of them better than the other one.

Selection and Decision Making in Recruitment Essay Example for Free

Selection and Decision Making in Recruitment EssayFor this assignment I am required to produce an information leaflet, for a newly appointed music director, which will describe how to architectural plan for effective ingestion questions in order to appoint the perfect individual/s for the job. My chosen formation is Tesco who conduct different selection processes for different jobs I will be concentrating on the ground organize private instructor of a Tesco store.Newly appointed floor managers for my chosen organisation Tesco will have to plan ahead, authorize effectively and make discuss selection and decision making. One of the main things the manager has to do step to the fore front the selection process even starts is prior planning, below is what the manager has to do before the interview takes vex The manager of Tesco has to plan prior to the interview he/she has to select the interview panel. The manager of Tesco can select a supervisor and executive manager fo r the panel as these people be already workings within the store and the manager doesnt have to go and get other human resources from headquarters which lavishness valuable time. Having a interview panel is effective as it makes sure discrimination against the applier/s doesnt happen and also the panel can read if the level of techniques much(prenominal) as communicative skills ar routined throughout all the interviews, it makes sure standards dont slip. Types of interview The manager has to decide what sort of interview he/she will have to under take, considering in this case the manager is a Tescofloor manager he/she should all consider group interviews if employing staff on a large scale such as floor staff, (shelf stackers, costumer service assistance etc) this will save time as larger number of applicants be interviews quicker, however, having group interview means non all skills of an individual whitethorn be known to the manager but this does not matter as much as these applicants are only floor staff. similarly unmatchable-to- whiz interviews should be considered because these interviews discover a lot about the applicant as it is only one somebody and not a group, a one-to-one interview is suitable for a higher rank job such as assistant manager as more skills are required compared to a shelf stacker. Tescos do not need toconduct any other types of interviews such as surround interviews because it is not suitable for the job they advertise.The amount of stages in the interview has to be considered, for Tesco the manager has a alternative between singular staged or quaternate staged interviews, it is suitable to have a double staged interview which Tesco currently do than a one staged interview, more stages means the applicant goes through intense testing and interviews meaning he/she is more likely to be suitable for the job. Doing a singular staged interview doesnt find out all the skills of a person and the wrong person may be selec ted for the job and also that person may perform bad on that one interview, whereas, having more than one stage means the performance can be averaged which is more fair. However, the more stages in interviews the more time, so, the manager has to consider time as it will take more time for multiple staged interviews.Other selection methods will have to be considered, Tesco currently undertake Psychometric Tests which notice the sensitivity or stock or intelligence or aptitude or personality of the applicant, this should be undertaken by the floor manager of Tescos as most of the staff will need inviolable personality, memory etc for their job as they will be working with costumers. There are also multiple weft questions which are a series of question and ordinarily four possible answers where one answer is correct, this usually finds out the technical knowledge of the applicant of the job.Finally, the manager must consider during the planning equal opportunities, he/she will ha ve to undertake measures to make sure each applicant is treated equally and not discriminated having an interview panel solves this problem as there is more than one person conducting the interview and little chance of discriminations. Also, a tape recorder can be used so if the applicant protests to the instruction he/she was treated, the tape can be used as evidence.Communicational SkillsThe manager has to consider his/hers/interviewers communicational skills this is a vital role in an interview as it can make the applicant freeze off thejob due to inappropriate language used. Firstly, the manager has to decide whether to use effective, ineffective or a cabal of both questions because request too umpteen ineffective questions may bore the applicant, whereas, having too many effective questions may make the applicant live uneasy, so, I would urge on to use a combination of both effective and ineffective question so the applicant is neither bored or uncomfortable throughout the interview.As the floor manager will be looking for certain skills from his potential employees, asking various types questions would be ideal to find out the skills, this is an indirect counseling of knowing the applicants skills and is another way to check the applicant is not lying about his/her skills, a direct way of finding out about the skills is to look at the applicants CV, ask previous employer and/or ask direct questions to the applicant. I would recommend the manager to use various types of questions, below is what the manager should use or tell the interviewer to use during the interview itself Open questions These are questions without a particular answer and makes the applicant feel less under bosom as its an indirect question, an example of an open question is Why do you want the job? or How do you handle stress?, the advantage of using these types of questions is that it lets the interviewer know the creative side of the applicant and is a way not making the applicant uncomfortable. Closed questions These are basically yes or no questions. They are very direct and I wouldnt recommend the manager to make use of these very much as they make the applicant feel uncomfortable, however, they do find out the relevant information and an example of a closed question is Do you have a criminal record? or Can you work in a group?. Hypothetical/ Situational These are similar types of questions, these are used to see if you would do the right thing during a situations e.g. the interviewer may ask what would you do if you saw someone stealing? this would be an ideal question as this person would be working in Tescos werestealing is quite commonality and the applicants answer should be something like I would inform security instead of saying something like I would ignore it which would send the wrong message out to the interviewer.The manager has to consider how personal information such as criminal records could be checked he/she could either dire ctly ask the applicant during the interview, check the applicants CV before the interview and/or check with the criminal records bureau to confirm any played out convictions.The manager of Tescos will also have to make sure the interviewer or himself make use of good body language, this means using the right tone of voice and not being rude, this makes the applicant feel welcomed and feel he/she is an ideal environment rather than in an environment where he/she is under pressure. At the same time the manager has to make sure that the interviewer listens to the applicant, it is always important to ask the applicant if he/she has anything to say rather than ending the interview with a goodbye. Furthermore, the interview is about the applicant not the interviewer, so, the applicant should be speaking more than the interviewer, and about 80% of the interview should be the applicant speaking.Analysis and summarisation of information gathered in the interview is vital as it is needed dur ing short listing candidates, there are several ways in which the interviewer can gather information, firstly via a tape recorder, and this does not waste the interviewers time as he/she doesnt have to write much down. Secondly, the interviewer her/himself can simply use a pen and paper to gather information during the interview, however, this is time consuming and all information may not be accurate and finally, there could be two interviewers, on asking questions and the other concourse and analysing information, this is a good idea as this system also makes sure discrimination doesnt take place.

Public Service Essay Example for Free

Public Service EssayPublic service is has long been considered to piece of cake a key role in the improvement of social and economic development in any(prenominal) countries (ILO, 1996). For this case, the typecast of semipublic service presented is somehow actually effective in terms of sending the set up procedure to the individuals who need such task assistance. For the children of the day care canter, the time frame of Friday is best suitable for public service since this might be the busiest day for such an institution. Considering that most of the students may be similarly excited for the coming pass. Therefore, having a persons or group of person assist them in their activities in sectionalisation can provide a worthwhile experience. Also, the schedule 300 to 500 pm is a very good choice since afternoon schedules are somehow to a greater extent lenient in accepting excess work when all other important activities have been prioritized earlier in the day. The public service type of task with two types of activity based schedule is also a very good choice. The kids go out be able to choose the type of activities they want to be engaged with which will make them more independent and will acquire a greater sense of responsibility. The first hour lets them listen and empathise to the story while having an option to still play. On another hour, homework assistance is also ready(prenominal) which will make the time very productive. If ever they opt to first do their homework with the public servant, they will have more time to enjoy the rest of the day and probably the whole weekend playing. Overall, the type of public service program is very much adapted to the lifestyle of the student in the day care center setting.ReferencesILO. 1996. Public Service Background. Retrieved December 7, 2007 from http//www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/ empyrean/sectors/pubserv.htm.

The supernatural aspects of Macbeth Essay Example for Free

The supernatural aspects of Macbeth EssayIn my undertake I am going to be writing about the Supernatural aspects of Macbeth. I bequeath be referring closely to Act 1 Scene 3, Act 1 Scene 5 and Act 4 Scene 1. In Shakespeares day people were obsessed with witchcraft. Shakespeare added supernatural elements to the evasive action to grab the auditory modalitys attention right from the beginning. This includes opening (Act 1 Scene 1) Macbeth with three witches, with immediately establishes the influence of the supernatural. They are discussing where they will meet Macbeth to read him his future. In Act 1 Scene 3, the three witches are talking about the death of a sea captain, whilst waiting for Macbeth.Macbeth arrives with Banquo, and each of the three witches has something different to tell Macbeth. The first witch says All total, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis , the second witch says All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor , and the third witch says All hai l, Macbeth, that shalt be King hereunder Macbeth is very confused and begins to question what the witches had said to him. Then, the three witches disappear. This would have caused a gasp in the audience in Shakespeares day because of the Supernatural phenomena.This basically means that the witches can tell the future, and this scares the audience. In Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth receives a letter from Macbeth, telling her of the witches predictions. She is a very ambitious wo domain and will make sure that the prediction will be fulfilled. When she hears that King Duncan is on the way to the castle, she calls upon the evil enliven to help her carry out the murder of King Duncan. She says Come, you booze that tend on mortal thoughts, divest me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst crueltyMake thick my blood stop up the access and passage to remorse, when she says unsex me here, she is asking the spirits to take away her femininity because she wants to hav e the metier of a man. She also says Stop up the access and passage to remorse which means she is asking the spirits to take away the emotion guilt so that she cannot feel bad about what she has d angiotensin-converting enzyme or have doubts. A Shakespearean audience would find this part of the play very shocking because this was in all probability the part of The Supernatural that they knew least about. In Act 4, Scene 1 the witches are preparing a caldron whilst waiting for the arrival of Macbeth.Hecate (The head witch) comes to make sure that all is ready whilst the other witches seal the tempt/spell. Macbeth then arrives commanding the witches to tell him what he wants to know. If you asked people in the modern day what a commonalty thing for a witch to say is, they would most probably say Double, double toil and trouble. Shakespeare added this to the play because he knew that it would leave an effect on the audience. The witches install Macbeth four apparitions. The first apparition is a equipt Head, which warns Macbeth to be cautious of Macduff.The Second apparition is a child covered in blood, which tells Macbeth that no man born from woman can harm him. The third apparition is a child vest with a tree in his hand this tells Macbeth that he is safe until Birnham Wood moves to Dunsinane. The fourth and last apparition, is a show of eight kings, the last with a glass in his hand Banquo following. This shows Macbeth that Banquos descendants will be crowned king. This means that the witches were right because it comes true at the end of the play. On a modern stage, Macbeth would be shown with a lot of electrical sound effects, lighting, smoke machine ECT.But in the Shakespearean day, there wasnt anything give care that so people would have to create their own sound effects, and have to wait until a indisputable time of day to set the scene. In conclusion, there are many supernatural aspects to Macbeth. This leaves the audience is leftover confuse d whether the Supernatural is real or not and have to make up their own minds. tape preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Tragic Hero And Tragic Flaw English Literature Essay

Tragic chock And Tragic Flaw English Literature EssayW. Hamilton Fyfe in his book Aristotles Art of Poetry utmostlighted that Aristotle was the world-class critic of literature to suck up the dis confusableity between moral and visual condition. He is specific in his vision that they extremity of cataclysm is to give delight, strange kind of pleasure which go with the release of disembodied spirit result through the stage performance of a catastrophe. The mankind interest holds us. He as well as shares the feelings of flock desire Othello or Macbeth. These are only volume like us, yet fewhow, even in the twain contemporary dramas, increase to a superior power. W .H. Fyfe in like manner clear that they achieve to some completion more than human egotism-respect. And yet we ripey distri notwithstandinge their feelings and share them more easily and exactly beca wasting disease the poet has unfit all those conditions and thought which in real life perplex our feeling s and reject our pleasure. W. H. Fyfe also clarify that Aristotles give his emotion in dramatic form and, as we share it, it be arranges our declare. If the tragedy has its way with us, our secreted emotion and maybe also the physical discharge of tears is released, and when the storm of thrill settle, we are left with a awareness of pleasurable relief. We stand the same sense of worried, tensions de boundined in pleasurable relief when we are knock over with our problems we sit d consume to watch some movies or starts reading books or listen to the music which gave us soothing effect. In the same way W. H. Fyfe also express that great poem or a great picture two stimulate and relieves our emotions. concord to him Athenian tragedy combined all these carry poetry, music, pictorial expression it carried the yet stronger and more popular demand of a thrilling story and presents in the great open-air theatre of Dionysus the strengthening group of large number. It was really a bold step. People who coun calland their panic by reading careless accounts of football and racing, adultery and murder, might better their health by means of this safer and ofttimes more plea blurtg form of relief. It still exists and great works of art come so hardly ever within our reach that t here is no danger in folly in such activity to get pleasure. This is all to the highest degree the W. H. Fyfe point of place slightly the aroused effect of tragedy.In one of the term paper named Tragic Hero (www.planetpaper.com). He said that Aristotle set forth a sad gunslinger as being a person who, through a deface, in their sustain caseful, is brought from a high spot and learns to put one across clearly before their birth destruction. In the Theban forgather. King Oedipus, Oedipus is considered to be a sad hero after his mother and father try to range fate, then later when Oedipus discovered his own fate, he tried to cheat his fate so here I may say that it was his own indigent will also lonesome(prenominal) in honor terminationing up where fate had designed. Another Theban flow, Antigone, also compose by Sophocles includes Oedipus daughter, Antigone, as the sad hero when she dies for what she believes in. A main(prenominal) fount of all tragedy bump can be a tragic hero due to his own error of judgment or he may be the puppet in the hand of fate.Now in my first chapter of Analysis I postulate to high light some rules and regulation of tragedy and tragic hero given by Aristotle. foremost I would like to talk some Aristotelic tragic hero. He emphasize that the tragic hero of any(prenominal) play should belong to reputed family and he must fall from propriety into misfortunate not due to any villainies book of facts but due to his own error of judgment or due to his fate. To this point I want to give the example of Shakespearean Macbeth and Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus. These two character are the best example of Aristotel ian tragic hero both the character belong to reputed family and their own error of judgment became the cause of their ruin.According to AristotleThe hero of any tragedy ancient or modern must be one whom we study as a fine fellow. He sure need not be of reasoned family or even in high station those requirements were peculiar to Greek drama. (Fyfe, W.H.196325)A.C Bradley in (1935) given a underdress on Hamlet, Othello, Kinglear and Macbeth. He said we see men and women ego-assuredly arresting into the obtainable order of things in interest of their thoughts but what they accomplish is not what they designed, in fact it is awfully incompatible what they thought. In Shakespearean play Othello is trapped in his own demonic deeds which he designed for others. Hamlet react from the emphasised duty of revenge is pushed into blood sin he never vision of and enforced at in the end on the revenge in actual he dont want to do this. E realwhere in the tragedy mans thought translated into action is changed into the opposite of itself. All the action which is mentioned above is due to their own blemish in their character. Yet, by itself it would hardly put forward the bringing close together of fate but in actual it shows their own free will it shows man as, in some degree, however, slight the cause of his own downfall.Character itself contributes to the feelings of unavoidableness which is not due to their fate but through their free will instantaneously here I want to give the example of King Macbeth because his down fall occurred due to his own pushy temperament and other example I want to give is about Dr Faustus whose downfall occurred due to his own free will.Some people thought fate in Shakespeare can be described as a moral order and its necessity as a moral essential. But in my point of billet fate and free will are the two sides of a same coin. These thing brings into the light those aspects of the tragic fact which the idea of fate and free will throws into the shade leading to the argument, whatever may be said of accidents, circumstances and the like human action is after all presented to us as the fundamental fact in tragedy and also as the main cause of the catastrophe.The moral necessity which so such(prenominal) impresses us is, after all, chiefly the necessary connection between actions and con chronological sequences for those actions we without even raising on the subject. The agents responsible and the tragedy would disappear from us if we did not. The central action is in greater or lesser degree, wrong or bad. The catastrophe is the main is the return of this action o the head of the agent.CHAPTER 2 oddball OF DR- FAUSTUS.In one of the term paper named Dr Faustus duality in doctor value in Faustus (www.planetpapper.com). The tec highlight that Christopher Marlowe the heroic Christian tragedy, Doctor Faustus, the central character, Dr. Faustus, fight back between subsequent theology and the Tempter. Faustus, who is a mystery in himself, is competent of fabulous expressiveness and determined loss of sight. According to police detective Faustus refusal to see what is truth and what is fiction is a result of his self-important situation. Dr Faustus in his mission to turn out to be supreme, Faustus not succeeds to see that there is life after death and that his bits and pieces belongings are of no significance. researcher emphasize on that Faustus is a contributor in his own internal war of noesis or salvation. Faustus inner chaos gives way to the main connotation within the play He also highlights substantialisation of that era in his research medieval morals versus Renaissance ideals. Faustus upsetting end serves not only as a message to all but also gives justice to the age-old formula Marlowe pictorial matter of Faustus leads one to the principal idea of duality in culture of his era in which Medieval values conflict with those of the Renaissance.Marlowes Doctor Faustus is the f irst major(ip) Elizabethan tragedy and the first to see the sights of the tragic possibilities of the take conflict of Renaissance compulsions with the Hebraic Christian tradition. Marlowe sinned, suffered regret and was invoke.Faustus in thought and deed, threatening, philosophizing, disputing, artifice, defying God and ris queen regnant all with a prosper does not put forward the lay character of moralities. Marlowe interpreted into the old medieval equating the new, unsolved and frighteningly vague lively of the renaissance, gave it a charm and a dignity never cognize in previous treatments of the story, and made Faustus, rather than Hamlet, the first modern man.The play introduced the modern tragic radical of the alienated soul. Faustus is tragic because he fill outn the problem as actual. Even as he claims the exemption of his soul, he hears the terrified echoes thundering in his ears like Macbeth Dr. Faustus is a man who of his own wide circumspect determination brings tragedy and suffering cashing down upon his head, the pitiful and fearful victim of his own overambitious and desires.The jeering with which Marlowe usually invests the downfall of his Protagonists is an irony based on these reasonable c oncepts of sin and damnation, and vividly expressed in two major patterns of action the monotonous pattern of ethical preference leading to the option of eldritch demolition, and the pattern of dissimilarity between Faustus grand imaginative designs and the real, stupid activities of his magical career.Marlowe devotes his first stab to a careful staging of Faustus decision to take up magic. One by one the fields of material education are rejected because their ends not satisfy his demand but notice what the demand is. He does not pursue knowledge for the sake of truth, but for power, for superhuman power, the power over life and death.We buzz off Marlowes hero Faustus, he sold his soul to the Devil in order to sack up super human power through knowledge by mastering the Un-Holey art of magic and thus he says to himself.J. C. maxwell in (1947) (89-94) in his research of The Sin of Faustus. His purpose is to keep a due measure of economic aid direct upon that side of the theme is to recognize Faustus central act of sin for what it is. He said that his major sin on which his whole research revolve is Faustus pride and his curiosity. He said that pride is the last inception of Faustus fall and sensuality is pervasive element of his character after it. However, curiosity is most notably operative in the conduct of the action. Moreover, J. C. Maxwell said that it is largely owing to a failure to encompass the nature as indeed the existence, of this sin that there has arise the misrepresentations of Marlowes purpose, which have seen in Faustus largely. J. C. Maxwell also said that to him the points arising out of this examination that look to me important for understanding of the play are No mechanical press on the pervad ing and increasing sensualist of Faustus ought to difficult to understand the fact that he falls, like man and like Lucifer himself, through the spiritual sin of pride. J. C. Maxwell highlights pride, sensuality and curiosity as the major sin of Dr. Faustus. However, I somewhat disagree with this consequence because his major sin was his over ambitious nature to forgather the knowledge of the whole universe. J. C. Maxwell talks about curiosity but not in this manner, he says that Faustus is scrutinizing to get the pride. But in my point of view he is curious to gain the knowledge and ambitious to be the god.Kaitlyn Cavanaugh in (2008) wrote an article named Faustus as a tragic hero(www.writinghood.com) range attention to many traits of Dr Faustus character and said There may be dissimilar or changeable ways of loo poof at assured characters and enlightening them as a certain type of character. In Christopher Marlowes play Doctor Faustus, the main character, Doctor Faustus, could be described and exposed as a tragic hero, similarly to other tragic characters, such as Sophocles Oedipus and Shakespeares Macbeth may also be described as such. There are different features and reputation, which would make these characters be considered as tragic heroes rather than another type of character. In Marlowes play, the main character, Faustus, brings his own downfall by the end of the story. In his curtain raising speech, Faustus tells and explains the audience and the readers that he made himself expert in law, medicine and divinity, but he wants to know more than what he knows and also know more about other things in short his intention was to become a god. This aspect of Faustus, his curiosity to learn and know more, may be thought of as part of the human condition and human nature and isnt something that is seen as wrong in our society. However, this aspect also blinds Faustus from a sense of reason and right from wrong. This in the end leads the main character o f Doctor Faustus to make an agreement with the devil, which results in Faustus downfall. This aspect of Faustus character and personality is similar to Oedipus, in Sophocles Oedipus Rex. Oedipus pride blinds him from seeing truth, reason, as well as the difference from right and wrong, which leads to and results in the characters downfall and to the main character of Sophocles play, Oedipus, stabbing his eyes out. This feature will lead to the characteristic and fact that, by doing these mistakes or flaws, the tragic heroes are doomed from the beginning and the audience and readers know the fate of these characters is sealed. And for the tragic hero is just that, a tragic hero or tragic character, this type of character has to be doomed from the beginning of the play, but doesnt hold any responsibility for possessing his flaw or fault. This may be seen in Faustus. From the beginning of the play, from the time that he tells the audience and readers that he wants to acquire more knowl edge and especially when he signs the, the audience and readers may that Faustus is doomed to have a less than perfect and happy ending. Much like Faustus, Oedipus fate is sealed when he refuses to see the truth, even when its standing right in front of him. though these two tragic heroes may feel some sense of guilt about their actions, neither Faustus nor Oedipus seem feeling some sense of guilt or responsibility of their flaw.These aspects are a few attributes and features that think of a tragic hero. Most of these attributes may be applied to Faustus. Throughout the article it is highlighted that the most bombastic trait of Dr Faustus character was his ambitious nature which became the reason of his downfall.CHAPTER 3CHARACTER OF KING- MACBETH.In one of the term paper named Macbeth (www.planetpaper.com) the researcher highlights the main points of Macbeths character. He said in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, he finger out that Macbeth is a tragic hero. Macbeth is r eally ambitious, daring, and an ethically coward all these things lead to his tragic death at the end of the play. At the beginning of the play, Shakespeare characterizes Macbeth as a hero very evidently from the bravery in guard of Scotland is important in the curtain raising movie. However, he is very ambitious to be king. And this thing spinning top the disallow trait in Macbeths character.In one of the research paper named Macbeth as a cataclysm According To Aristotles Definition. (www.123 suspensorme.com).Researcher highlights some of the characteristic of Macbeths personality. He first compares Macbeths character with qualities of tragic hero set by Greek philosopher Aristotle. Researcher highlight that the genre of some works of literature can be discuss, Macbeth written by William Shakespeare seems to fit into a ideal shape of Aristotles definition of a tragedy, unite seven elements that he believes make the type of a work a tragedy, is that pattern. Demonstrate all sev en aspects Macbeth fits the definition of tragedy specifically. According to him elements in the play verify the fact that Macbethis a serious story, the first elements of Aristotles definition. In provoke of the outcome of the play, Macbeth was a reliable and great man, one of elements in the definition of tragedy. Macbeth was an admirable man whom held the position of the Thane of Glam and was victorious in battle. This success jockstraped him take escape of admiration from Duncan, very good deed discover by few. The most important detail that Macbeth is truly not just a good but a great man is the fact that at first, even though Lady Macbeth pleaded for him to kill Duncan, he refuse. Through Lady Macbeths scheming ways brought about by her hunger for power and position, he did certainly kill him and others though. Yet, this in itself if analyze prove he is a great man. Through tactical think and cunning wits, he was able to murder, and briefly gets away with it. Yet, every g reat man must have a single flaw, which they give into, as declared in the definition of a tragedy. Macbeths flaw was rivalry, brought about by Lady Macbeth and the witches. Through the imagery they created of him as a noble, bold and successful King, he let his rivalrys get the best of him, which led to murder, deceit, cheating and eventually tragedy. The ambition in him was not at full smother until the witches and his married woman fully brought it out of him yet, it was a flaw, unlike a curable condition or problem, which he could not prevail over, not even by fate. The aspect of a flaw that the good or great man cannot overcome by fate is the fourth element in Aristotles readjustment of a tragedy.This research paper highlight all the traits of Macbeths character that in the start of the play Shakespeare portrays Macbeths character as a noble, kind hearted, victorious, and people and King Duncan valued him a lot. But later in the play we came to know his actual character tha t he is ill eared and easily get manipulated by witches and his married woman lady Macbeth. Macbeth ambitious nature became the cause of his downfall or we can say that his tragic flaw is his own nature.Marilyn French in 1982 wrote a term paper named Macbeth and masculine values (pg no 14-24) draw attention to many aspect of Macbeths character and said that there is an uncertainty about gender role in Macbeth. She said that Macbeth is brave, valors follower, courageous cousin and praise worthy men. Most of the praise comes from Duncan the king. In conclusion she said a tragedy she accept without tendency the decision that Macbeth is exterminate. Throughout the play, manhood is equated with the ability to kill. She also highlights the factor responsible in killing king Duncan is Lady Macbeth who convinced Macbeth to do so. But I am not agree with the point of view of Marilyn because Macbeth himself is overambitious to gain the power and to achieve the farming as we have seen throug hout the play Macbeth is committing sin after sin in order to gain the power. Now if Marilyn is making Lady Macbeth responsible for Macbeths down fall is not true because Lady Macbeth persuaded Macbeth once and that is to murder the king Duncan but not his son and not his friend Banquo so it is clear that Macbeth is to goddam for his own dreadful mistake.In one of the research paper named The question of justice in Macbeth (www.123helpme.com) the researcher is emphasizing in the play Macbeth, many different choices are brought onward to a positive character and the result that is chosen affects the entire play. The researcher analyzed the results of these actions can be a positive or prejudicious conclusion towards the character. As is represented in the play Macbeth, justice always prevails due to the wicked characters developing sense of regret or the character receiving fair punishment. This shows some traits of Macbeths character.To give clear idea of Macbeths character I aga in want to high light some of the points from one of the research named The personality of Macbeth(www.123helpme.com). In his research researcher highlight that Macbeth down fall is due to natural law in which person his own choice to select his means has. He also emphasize that Macbeth also has his own choice either he want to go with the prophecy of witches or to act as his wife want him to act so it is clear that it is totally depend upon his own will and his will is to became the king and want to attain the power. This thing clarifies that is ambition became the reason of his down fall.CHAPTER 4COMPARISION BETWEEN DR-FAUSTUS AND MACBETHS TRAGIC FLAW.Firstly we can consider the ways in which the play starts it explore the mystic in the gap shooting of Macbeth and Dr Faustus.The mystical is a powerful theme that constantly appears throughout the opening picture shows of Shakespeares Macbeth and Marlowes Dr Faustus. Continuously throughout the opening scenes the supernatural is used as a way to introduce suspense, horror and feeling of doubts in to the play and help in the awakening of the audiences thoughts.In Macbeth the plan of the supernatural is introduced to the audience straight away, as Shakespeare opens the scene opens with three witches. During the time that Macbeth was written the idea and belief that witches truly survive would have been taken staggeringly sincerely by Shakespeares audience as witches were thought to be real beings. Using witches in the opening scene automatically build an environment and let the audience to recognize that the play that they are about to watch is going to have a gloomy, perplexing and fear-provoking feeling to it, as witches are usually link as wicked being.Shakespeare also uses pitiable misleading notion to generate the sense of the supernatural. Thunder and lightning, this apparatus is also used as a way to establish the ambience of the opening scene. Setting the scene early in the opening of the play allo ws the audience to become aware that the character of the opening scene is going to be fairly severe and sinister, which allow the audience to absorb themselves entirely in the play. The use of pitiable myth in the opening scene also enhances the idea that witches are evil beings as both the description of the weather and defined the ideas that Shakespeares audience would have had about witches portray extremely negative association.In dissimilarity to Shakespeares Macbeth, Marlowe uses the idea of the supernatural in the opening scene of Dr Faustus in a much more positive way. In the opening scene Marlowe uses his own thought to introduce the views of the play Dr Faustus. This is all about the comparison and contrast of the start of both the plays. The starting scene of both the play to some extent is similar and that is they started with the super natural character. There is one more similarity in the opening of the play that both the writers portray their main character as a nobl e person belongs to good family kind hearted. This is all about the play. Now I want to drag your attention to the similarities and dissimilarities in Macbeths and Dr Faustus characters.In one of the essay named Dr Faustus VS Macbeth (www.exampleessay.com) the essayist highlights the some of the similarities of both the character. In many ways, Macbeth and Dr. Faustus follow the same sequence as their characters poor preference cause them to distortion downfall which they never thought. The universal truth of the Faust reputation is obvious in Macbeth. It can be seen through his decisions all over the play. These decisions are what cause his sequence from an honorable man in the beginning to an evil cruel king in the end.Macbeth and Dr. Faustus are very much alike. In the plays they both sold their soul to the devil to attain the knowledge and power. Macbeth didnt literally apportion his soul to the devil as Faustus did, but he also get under the influence of evil character that r witches.This is all about the similarities and dissimilarities of both the character. Now come to the main point that what is the tragic flaw in both the character? In my opinion the tragic flaw of both the characters is their own ambitious nature. They both are very ambitious to attain power and knowledge but to be ambitious is not a wrong thing but to attain their ambition they uses false path or in short I want to say they became blind to achieve their ambition now this is their tragic flaw. To justify my point I want highlight some researcher point of view.In one of the essay named Vaulting ambition and downfall(www.directessay.com) the essayist emphasizes on the reason of Macbeths downfall is his curvet ambition, though it is what bring him power but is also the same which lead him to his down fall. According to essayist vaulting ambition is Macbeths only flaw. Essayist also highlight positive side of his ambition that through his ambitious nature he won my battles because at that time his only ambition is to praise by people but later on in the play his ambitious nature portray by Shakespeare in a darker way that his lust to achieve power and to became the king of Scotland moved his positive ambitious nature into a negative way and he commit sin after sin to achieve his ambition. This became his tragic flaw.W.W. Greg in (1946) (71-88) research Reason of Damnation of Faustus. He highlights many reasons due to which Faustus was damned. First in his research, he said that Valdes and Cornelius are the reason of Faustus Downfall they attract Faustus towards magic in a way they want to do evil deeds from the back of Faustus and they do not want to be punish their self in the end. In addition, the second reason which WW. Greg highlight in research is the pact, which Faustus signs with the Devil, which became the reason for his damnation. But I am not agree with his reason because these all things come afterward in my point of view the main reason of his damna tion is his over ambitiousness nature because Faustus himself was very much curious to gain the knowledge of magic. W.W. Greg in his research uses the word of ambition but not in a negative manner. He said that Faustus ambition was positive to learn as he want to serve the people in a positive way but I again disagree with his point of view that if he was positive he will never try evil deeds. I believe that from the very first part of the play he is over ambitious because we can clearly see that how much he is thirsty for knowledge and this thing lead him to his downfall. Here we can easily compare both Macbeth and Dr Faustus character flaw is their over ambitious nature which became the reason of their own downfall.So it is clear that Shakespearean Macbeth and Christopher Marlows Dr-Faustus share same personality traits both are noble in start there ambition were positive in the start of the play as Faustus want to earn education of magic to help people to help his country in secu rity reasons but when he achieve that knowledge his ambition change in to negative he start teasing people in order to help them. In the end he became totally self-centered and to achieve his ambition he sold his doctor to devil. So it is cleared that ambitious nature of both the character became there tragic flaw and they were damned in the end which is totally their own choice they selected their deaths by their own free will.CONCLUSION umteen researcher highlighted different reason of tragic flaw in Shakespearean Macbeth and Marlows Dr Faustus some are as follows. W.W. Greg in (1946) (71-88) research Reason of Damnation of Faustus. He highlights many reasons due to which Faustus was damned. First in his research, he said that Valdes and Cornelius are the reason of Faustus Downfall they attract Faustus towards magic in a way they want to do evil deeds from the back of Faustus and they do not want to be punish their self in the end. In addition, the second reason which WW. Greg hi ghlight in research is the pact, which Faustus signs with the Devil, which became the reason for his damnation. J. C. Maxwell in (1947) (89-94) in his research of The Sin of Faustus. His purpose is to keep a due measure of attention directed upon that side of the theme is to recognize Faustus central act of sin for what it is. He said that his major sin on which his whole research revolve is Faustus pride and his curiosity. He said that pride is the ultimate source of Faustus fall and sensuality is pervasive element of his character after it. Marilyn French in 1982 wrote a term paper named Macbeth and masculine values (pg no 14-24) draw attention to many aspect of Macbeths character and said that there is an uncertainty about gender role in Macbeth. She said that Macbeth is brave, valors follower, courageous cousin and praise worthy men. Most of the praise comes from Duncan the king. In conclusion she said a tragedy she accept without object the decision that Macbeth is exterminate. Throughout the play, manhood is equated with the ability to kill. She also highlights the factor responsible in killing king Duncan is Lady Macbeth who convinced Macbeth to do so.But on the bases of this analysis the result what results comes out is that the tragic flaw of both the character is their own ambitious nature although whoever motivate them to commit sin but at end it was their own decision.